Physical Methods for Seed Invigoration: Advantages and Challenges in Seed Technology.
Physical Methods for Seed Invigoration: Advantages and Challenges in Seed Technology.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2016.00646
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Balestrazzi A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Araújo Sde S;Paparella S;Dondi D;Bentivoglio A;Carbonera D;Balestrazzi A
在种子技术方面，使用物理方法来提高植物产量比基于化学物质的传统处理方法具有优势。现在可以在多个层面上解决种子物理增强处理的影响，从形态结构方面到基因表达和蛋白质或代谢物积累的变化。在可用的物理方法中，“磁引发”和微波（MW）或电离辐射（IR）照射是最有前途的播种前种子处理。 “磁引发”基于磁场的应用，被描述为一种环保、廉价、非侵入性技术，已被证明对种子发芽、活力和作物产量有有益影响。 IR，如γ射线和X射线，被广泛认为是农业科学和食品技术的强大工具。低剂量的伽马射线已被证明可以提高发芽率和幼苗的建立，起到真正的“启动”治疗作用。在接受微波和 X 射线照射的种子中观察到了不同的生物效应，但需要进一步扩展关于它们作为种子活力剂的影响或对发芽的刺激作用的知识。紫外线 (UV) 辐射，即 UV-A 和 UV-C，已显示出对种子健康、发芽和幼苗活力产生积极影响。对于所有提到的物理治疗，仍然需要广泛的基础和应用研究来确定最佳剂量、照射时间、基因型和环境依赖性照射条件。电子顺磁共振在尚未充分开发的种子技术中具有巨大潜力，可监测种子活力处理和/或确定最合适的辐照剂量或停止处理的时间点。本手稿描述了使用物理方法增强种子活力，同时对限制和优点进行了批判性讨论。还将强调与使用这些方法来满足种子技术人员、生产者和贸易标记的需求相关的未来前景。
In the context of seed technology, the use of physical methods for increasing plant production offers advantages over conventional treatments based on chemical substances. The effects of physical invigoration treatments in seeds can be now addressed at multiple levels, ranging from morpho-structural aspects to changes in gene expression and protein or metabolite accumulation. Among the physical methods available, “magneto-priming” and irradiation with microwaves (MWs) or ionizing radiations (IRs) are the most promising pre-sowing seed treatments. “Magneto-priming” is based on the application of magnetic fields and described as an eco-friendly, cheap, non-invasive technique with proved beneficial effects on seed germination, vigor and crop yield. IRs, as γ-rays and X-rays, have been widely regarded as a powerful tool in agricultural sciences and food technology. Gamma-rays delivered at low dose have showed to enhance germination percentage and seedling establishment, acting as an actual ‘priming’ treatment. Different biological effects have been observed in seeds subjected to MWs and X-rays but knowledge about their impact as seed invigoration agent or stimulatory effects on germination need to be further extended. Ultraviolet (UV) radiations, namely UV-A and UV-C have shown to stimulate positive impacts on seed health, germination, and seedling vigor. For all mentioned physical treatments, extensive fundamental and applied research is still needed to define the optimal dose, exposition time, genotype- and environment-dependent irradiation conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance has an enormous potential in seed technology not fully explored to monitor seed invigoration treatments and/or identifying the best suitable irradiation dose or time-point to stop the treatment. The present manuscript describes the use of physical methods for seed invigoration, while providing a critical discussion on the constraints and advantages. The future perspectives related to the use of these approaches to address the need of seed technologists, producers and trade markers will be also highlighted.