Staminodes influence pollen removal and deposition rates in nectar-rewarding self-incompatible Phanera yunnanensis (Caesalpinioideae)
Staminodes influence pollen removal and deposition rates in nectar-rewarding self-incompatible Phanera yunnanensis (Caesalpinioideae)
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退化雄蕊影响花蜜自交不亲和的云南 Phanera yunnanensis (Caesalpinioideae) 的花粉去除和沉积率
DOI：
10.1017/s0266467418000433
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Zhang, Ling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Menglin;Huang, Shuyin;Zhang, Ling
摘要雄蕊是一种不产生花粉、结构多样、功能多样的不育雄蕊。云南Phanera yunnanensis花具有3个花药大花丝长的可育雄蕊和7个花药小花丝短的雄蕊。为了探讨雄蕊在西双版纳的适应性意义，研究了去除雄蕊对西双版纳植物花粉去除和沉积、开花率和坐果的影响。有4种采蜜传粉媒介访花，其中以美洲菊（Amegilla zonata）和蜜蜂（Apis cerana）居多（分别为2.80±0.15和1.76±0.41次/花）。去雄蕊不影响坐果，但使蜜蜂的访花率提高了2.6倍，使棘球蜂的访花率降低了68%，并提高了两种传粉媒介的花粉去除率（均显著）。去除雄蕊可显著降低棘球蜂的花粉沉积速率，但对蜜蜂无显著影响。上述结果表明，云南石竹的雄蕊对传粉昆虫起到过滤作用，影响花粉的清除和沉积速率。通过降低花粉的去除率，雄蕊可能会实施花粉分配计划，将花粉从单个花传播到多个传粉者。通过改变花粉沉积速率，雄蕊可能以其他方式影响生殖适应性。
Abstract Staminodes are sterile stamens that produce no pollen, exhibit diverse structures and perform various functions. Flowers of Phanera yunnanensis possess three fertile stamens with large anthers and long filaments, and seven staminodes with tiny anthers and short filaments. To investigate the adaptive significance of staminodes in this species, we studied effects of staminode removal on pollen removal and deposition, flower visitation rate and fruit set in Xishuangbanna, south-western China. Four species of nectar-foraging pollinators visited flowers, mostly Amegilla zonata and Apis cerana (2.80 ± 0.15 and 1.76 ± 0.41 visits h−1 per flower, respectively). Staminode removal did not affect fruit set, but increased visitation by A. cerana by 2.6-fold, reduced visitation by A. zonata by 68% and increased the pollen removal rate for both pollinators (all effects were significant). Staminode removal significantly reduced pollen deposition rate for A. zonata, but not for A. cerana. These results suggest that the staminodes of P. yunnanensis filter which insects act as pollinators and affect pollen removal and deposition rates. By reducing pollen removal rates, staminodes may implement a pollen-dispensing schedule that spreads pollen dispersal from individual flowers over multiple pollinators. By altering pollen deposition rates, staminodes may influence reproductive fitness in other ways.