Allelochemicals as Bioherbicides — Present and Perspectives
Allelochemicals as Bioherbicides — Present and Perspectives
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DOI：
10.5772/56185
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发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dorota Soltys;U. Krasuska;R. Bogatek;A. Gniazdowska
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dorota Soltys;U. Krasuska;R. Bogatek;A. Gniazdowska
自首次在作物保护系统中使用合成除草剂以来，杂草不断产生抗性。这种演变的主要原因是除草剂在植物中具有单一靶点的长期利用。第一批被广泛使用的三嗪类除草剂，即光合作用抑制剂，就是这种情况，它有效地消灭了各种杂草。不幸的是，对占据农田的杂草品种进行不适当的除草剂调整，在不正确的发育阶段和不适宜的天气条件下使用除草剂，都导致了土壤中活性玉米磅的积累，杂草种类的积累和抗性生物型的加速进化。迄今为止，已鉴定出211种、393种生物型的抗除草剂杂草。它们大多对B、C1和A类除草剂、乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）抑制剂、光系统II和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂具有抗性。10个品种对作物造成最大威胁，造成产量损失，包括最重要的具有多重抗性的抗除草剂品种：刚性黑麦草（Lolium rigidum Gaud.）、野生燕麦（Avena fatua L.）和红根藜（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）。
Since the first implementation of synthetic herbicides in crop protection systems, weeds have continuously developed resistance. As a main reason of such evolution, long-lasting exploi‐ tation of herbicides with one target site in plants is considered. This has been the case with the first widely-used triazine herbicides, photosynthesis inhibitors, which have effectively eliminated a wide range of weeds. Unfortunately, inappropriate adjustment of herbicides to weed species occupying fields, application of herbicides at the incorrect developmental stage and in unsuitable weather conditions have contributed to the accumulation of active com‐ pounds in the soil, accumulation of weed species and acceleration evolution of resistant biotypes [1]. To date, there have been 211 species and 393 biotypes of herbicide resistant weeds identified [2]. Most of them are resistant to B, C1 and A groups of herbicides, inhibitors of: acetolactate synthase (ALS), photosystem II and acetyl CoA carboxylase, respectively. Ten species pose the biggest threat for crops due to causing yield losses, including the most important herbicide-resistant species which are characterized by multiple resistances: rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.).