Going international? Risk taking by cryptomarket drug vendors
Going international? Risk taking by cryptomarket drug vendors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.06.003
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Aldridge, Judith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Decary-Hetu, David;Paquet-Clouston, Masarah;Aldridge, Judith
背景：自2011年以来，我们目睹了被称为加密市场的“暗网”毒品市场的兴起。加密市场的运作模式与eBay相同，因为它们提供了一个平台，授权供应商可以在其中建立虚拟商店并放置物品。基于越来越多的文献，旨在了解cryptomarket参与者，本文旨在解释cryptomarket供应商承担风险的决定。方法：我们收集了丝绸之路1（SR1）的数据，这是2011年推出的第一个cryptomarket。我们提出了一个多层次模型，该模型考虑了列表、供应商及其环境的特征，以解释供应商承担风险的决策。结果：我们的结果表明，模型中的各个层次都显着解释了承担风险的决策。风险承担，在操作上表现为跨越国际边界运输毒品的意愿，与邮寄毒品包裹的重量、供应商的声誉和列名数量、专家认为的国家一级执法效力以及供应商可用的机会（以潜在客户的财富和毒品支出衡量）有关。我们的研究结果支持一些先前的研究结果的因素解释冒险。我们扩展现有的文献，强调毒品贩子的环境预测风险的相关性。(C)2016爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Background: Since 2011, we have witnessed the rise of 'dark net' drug marketplaces known as cryptomarkets. Cryptomarkets operate on the same model as eBay as they provide a platform where authorized vendors can set up a virtual shop and place listings. Building on a growing body of literature that seeks to understand cryptomarket participants, this paper seeks to explain the decision of cryptomarket vendors to take on risk.Methods: We collected data on Silk Road 1 (SR1), the first cryptomarket launched in 2011. We propose a multilevel model that takes into account the characteristics of listings, vendors and their environment to explain the decision of vendors to take on risk.Results: Our results demonstrate that all levels in the model significantly explain the decision to take on risk. Risk taking, operationalized as a willingness to ship drugs across international borders, was associated with the weights of drug packages mailed, the vendors' reputations and numbers of listings, the country-level perceived effectiveness of law enforcement according to experts, and the opportunities available to vendors as measured by the wealth and the drug expenditures of potential customers.Conclusions: Our results support some previous research findings on the factors explaining risk taking. We extend existing literature by emphasizing the relevance of the environment of drug dealers to predict risk taking. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.