The biology of glucagon and the consequences of hyperglucagonemia
The biology of glucagon and the consequences of hyperglucagonemia
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DOI：
10.2217/bmm-2016-0090
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Holst, Jens J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Albrechtsen, Nicolai J. Wewer;Kuhre, Rune E.;Holst, Jens J.
胰高血糖素衍生的前肽激素胰高血糖素包括29个氨基酸。它的分泌受几个因素的调节。胰高血糖素通过糖异生和糖原溶解提高血糖水平。血浆中胰高血糖素浓度升高，即高胰高血糖素血症，可能导致糖尿病。然而，除糖尿病外，在其他临床情况下也可观察到高胰高血糖素血症，包括非酒精性脂肪性肝病、产生胰高血糖素的肿瘤和胃旁路手术后。在这里，我们回顾了目前关于高胰高血糖素血症在疾病中的文献，并特别关注糖尿病，最后推测胰高血糖素的主要生理重要性可能不在于葡萄糖稳态，而在于通过迄今尚未认识的肝胰脏反馈回路调节氨基酸代谢。
The proglucagon-derived peptide hormone, glucagon, comprises 29 amino acids. Its secretion from the pancreatic a cells is regulated by several factors. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Elevated plasma concentrations of glucagon, hyperglucagonemia, may contribute to diabetes. However, hyperglucagonemia is also observed in other clinical conditions than diabetes, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, glucagon-producing tumors and after gastric bypass surgery. Here, we review the current literature on hyperglucagonemia in disease with a particular focus on diabetes, and finally speculate that the primary physiological importance of glucagon may not reside in glucose homeostasis but in regulation of amino acid metabolism exerted via a hitherto unrecognized hepatopancreatic feedback loop.