Masters of disorder: rituals of communication and monitoring at the International Committee of the Red Cross
Masters of disorder: rituals of communication and monitoring at the International Committee of the Red Cross
复制标题
混乱大师：红十字国际委员会的沟通和监督仪式
DOI：
10.1111/1469-8676.12743
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Julie Billaud
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Julie Billaud
日内瓦公约赋予红十字国际委员会的使命是在冲突前线充当“国际人道法的守护者”。虽然其人道主义救援行动为其国际声誉做出了贡献，但这种监测职能却不为公众所知。在本文件中，我特别关注红十字委员会代表为保护战时各类受害者而开展的活动。通过关注代表们解释指导他们行动的原则（“中立”，“公正”，“保密”）的方式，我试图破译该组织的精神和世界观。我着重指出，为使冲突各方就敌对行为进行“秘密对话”而设计的无数行政手段，既带来了希望，也带来了挫折和失望。最后，我研究了这些技术，建立在沟通的可能性的希望，是如何改变作为“基于证据的编程”的外部压力源的结果，把个性化的基于案例的监控变成一种新形式的“审计文化”的基础上统计证据。讽刺的是，依靠数字来实现“人性化战争”的乌托邦，使得本应从中受益的“人”从人们的视野中消失了。
The mandate of the ICRC as granted by the Geneva Conventions is to act as a ‘guardian of International Humanitarian Law’ on the frontlines of conflicts. While its humanitarian relief operations have contributed to its international reputation, this monitoring function is rather unknown to the public. In this paper, I pay specific attention to activities carried out by ICRC delegates to protect various categories of victims in times of war. By focusing on the ways in which delegates interpret the principles (‘neutrality’, ‘impartiality’, ‘confidentiality’) that guide their actions, I seek to decipher the organisation’s ethos and worldview. I highlight the hopes as well as the frustrations and disappointments generated by myriad administrative techniques devised to engage parties to a conflict in a ‘confidential dialogue’ on the conduct of hostilities. Finally, I examine how these techniques, built on the hope in the possibility of communication, are changing as a result of external sources of pressure for ‘evidence‐based programming’, turning personalised case‐based monitoring into a new form of ‘audit culture’ based on statistical evidence. Paradoxically, relying on numbers to realise the utopia of ‘humanising war’ makes the very ‘humans’ who are supposed to benefit from it disappear from view.