Histamine in endocrine cells in the stomach
Histamine in endocrine cells in the stomach
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胃内分泌细胞中的组胺
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Sundler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Håkanson;G. Böttcher;E. Ekblad;P. Panula;M. Simonsson;M. Dohlsten;T. Hallberg;F. Sundler
抗组胺抗体被用来检测各种物种胃和小肠上段细胞中组胺的定位，包括软骨和硬骨鱼、两栖动物、爬行动物(蜥蜴)、鸟类(鸡)和大量哺乳动物。在所有物种中，胃组胺都定位于内分泌细胞(总是在上皮中发现)和肥大细胞(通常是上皮外定位)。内分泌细胞用嗜铬粒素A免疫组织化学染色鉴定，肥大细胞用甲苯胺蓝染色鉴定。组胺免疫反应的内分泌细胞几乎只在胃的产酸部分被发现，在幽门腺区很少观察到这样的细胞。它们在两个亚纲鱼类的胃粘膜以及所研究的两栖动物和爬行动物物种中都相当多。大多数组胺免疫反应阳性的内分泌细胞似乎与胃腔接触(开放型细胞)，并定位于表面上皮(仅限于某些鱼类)或与小窝底部的粘液颈细胞一起。在鸡体内，组胺免疫反应的内分泌细胞数量众多，位于深层复合腺的外围。它们不与管腔接触(闭合型)，有较长的基底部延伸(“旁分泌”外观)，靠近合氧-消化性细胞的底部。在哺乳动物中，胃中组胺免疫反应的内分泌细胞数量变化很大。它们在老鼠身上特别多，在狗、猴子和人身上明显很少。在所有哺乳动物中，组胺免疫反应的内分泌细胞都是闭合型的，位于含氧腺体的底部。它们常呈“旁分泌”状，基突较长。最后，储存组胺的肥大细胞在鱼的两个亚类以及两栖动物和蜥蜴中都很少。在鸡的腺胃(表面上皮下)中数量较多，在小鼠、大鼠和仓鼠的含氧酸粘膜中数量较少，在对冲猪、豚鼠、兔、猪和猴中数量适中，在猫、狗和人中数量较多。在后三种鱼的含氧酸粘膜中，肥大细胞有时似乎具有上皮内定位，这使得它们很难与内分泌细胞区分开来。人胎(17-24周)新生猫(1-3日龄)胃粘膜肥大细胞相对较少，含组胺的内分泌细胞较易显示。胃泌素瘤引起的胃酸过缓(和恶性贫血)或高胃泌素血症患者，胃泌素分泌黏膜中储存组胺的内分泌细胞数量较正常人显著增加。
SummaryAntibodies to histamine were used to examine the localization of the amine in cells of the stomach and upper small intestine of a great variety of species, including cartilaginous and bony fish, amphibia, reptiles (lizard), birds (chicken) and a large number of mammals. In all species gastric histamine was localized in endocrine cells (invariably found in the epithelium) and mast cells (usually with an extra-epithelial localization). The endocrine cells were identified as such by immunostaining with antibodies to chromogranin A and the mast cells were identified by toluidine blue staining. Histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells were found almost exclusively in the acid-producing part of the stomach; only rarely were such cells observed in the pyloric gland area. They were fairly numerous in the gastric mucosa of the two subclasses of fish as well as in the amphibia and reptile species studied. Here, the majority of the histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells seemed to have contact with the gastric lumen (open type cells) and were located in the surface epithelium (certain fish only) or together with mucous neck cells at the bottom of the pits. In the chicken, histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells were numerous and located peripherally in the deep compound glands. They were without contact with the lumen (closed type) and had long basal extensions (“paracrine” appearance), running close to the base of the oxyntico-peptic cells. In mammals, the number of histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the stomach varied greatly. They were particularly numerous in the rat and notably few in the dog, monkey and man. In all mammals, the histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells were of the closed type and located basally in the oxyntic glands. They often had a “paracrine” appearance with long basal processes. Histamine-storing mast cells, finally, were few in both subclasses of fish as well as in the amphibian species and in the lizard. They were fairly numerous in chicken proventriculus (beneath the surface epithelium), few in the oxyntic mucosa of mouse, rat and hamster, moderate in number in hedge-hog, guinea-pig, rabbit, pig and monkey, and numerous in cat, dog and man. In the oxyntic mucosa of the latter three species mast cells sometimes seemed to have an intraepithelial localization which made their distinction from endocrine cells difficult. In newborn cats (1–3 days old) in human foetuses (17–24 weeks gestational age) mast cells were relatively few in the gastric mucosa and the histamine-containing endocrine cells were easier to demonstrate as a consequence. Patients with achlorhydria (and pernicious anemia) or suffering from hypergastrinemia due to gastrinoma had a greatly increased number of histamine-storing endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa compared with normal individuals.