Effect of O. porcinus Tick Salivary Gland Extract on the African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Domestic Pig
Effect of O. porcinus Tick Salivary Gland Extract on the African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Domestic Pig
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0147869
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Le Potier, Marie-Frederique
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bernard, Jennifer;Hutet, Evelyne;Le Potier, Marie-Frederique
非洲猪瘟是生猪生产中的一种出血性疾病，可能对养殖业造成灾难性的经济后果。目前没有疫苗可用，屠宰动物或分区以限制与风险有关的流动是防止疾病传播的唯一有效措施。已知鸟类软蜱会将非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）传播给农场中的猪，遵循病毒的自然流行病学循环。蜱的唾液可以调节宿主的生理和免疫反应，从而影响病毒感染。为了更好地了解软蜱、ASFV和猪在叮咬部位的相互作用以及蜱唾液对ASFV感染猪的可能影响，将与ASFV共接种或未共接种的牛肝菌唾液腺提取物（SGE）用于皮内耳接种。我们的研究结果表明，在病毒引发疾病后，接种病毒和SGE的猪比单独接种病毒的猪表现出更大的体温升高。通过ASFV的募集或SGE的抑制，在蜱叮咬或接种部位调节朗格汉斯细胞的密度。此外，SGE和病毒各自诱导巨噬细胞募集。当它们共同接种时，这种效果增强。最后，SGE与病毒的共接种延迟了病毒早期局部扩散至接种侧第一个淋巴结。这项研究表明，SGE对猪的全身和局部免疫应答的影响足以量化。我们认为，这种模型应与感染蜱，可以提高知识的蜱媒介能力和蜱唾液免疫调节。
African swine fever is a haemorrhagic disease in pig production that can have disastrous financial consequences for farming. No vaccines are currently available and animal slaughtering or area zoning to restrict risk-related movements are the only effective measures to prevent the spread of the disease. Ornithodoros soft ticks are known to transmit the African swine fever virus (ASFV) to pigs in farms, following the natural epidemiologic cycle of the virus. Tick saliva has been shown to modulate the host physiological and immunological responses during feeding on skin, thus affecting viral infection. To better understand the interaction between soft tick, ASFV and pig at the bite location and the possible influence of tick saliva on pig infection by ASFV, salivary gland extract (SGE) of Ornithodoros porcinus, co-inoculated or not with ASFV, was used for intradermal auricular inoculation. Our results showed that, after the virus triggered the disease, pigs inoculated with virus and SGE presented greater hyperthermia than pigs inoculated with virus alone. The density of Langerhans cells was modulated at the tick bite or inoculation site, either through recruitment by ASFV or inhibition by SGE. Additionally, SGE and virus induced macrophage recruitment each. This effect was enhanced when they were co-inoculated. Finally, the co-inoculation of SGE and virus delayed the early local spread of virus to the first lymph node on the inoculation side. This study has shown that the effect of SGE was powerful enough to be quantified in pig both on the systemic and local immune response. We believe this model should be developed with infected tick and could improve knowledge of both tick vector competence and tick saliva immunomodulation.