From “Thin” to “Thick” (and Back Again?): The Politics and Policies of the Contemporary US–Canada Border
From “Thin” to “Thick” (and Back Again?): The Politics and Policies of the Contemporary US–Canada Border
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从“薄”到“厚”（然后又回来？）：当代美加边境的政治和政策
DOI：
10.1080/02722010903319061
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Ackleson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Ackleson
尽管在挑战两国共同边界的管理和安全问题上取得了一定进展，但近年来，美国和加拿大在推进一项进步的边界议程方面落后了。在2001年底签署的30点智能边境行动计划下，面对边境的新法规，释放的势头已经放缓，其中许多法规是由美国发起的。这些措施包括西半球旅行倡议(WHTI)下美国入境程序的重大变化，新的边境警务资源和协议，以及新的海关和检查费。大肆宣扬的北美安全与繁荣伙伴关系(SPP)旨在促进两国之间的贸易和安全，但也失去了势头，上一次三方领导人会议只是发布了一份新闻稿。这些和其他事态发展的结果是，美国和加拿大的边界似乎非但没有“变薄”，反而在需要加强经济和安全合作以增强北美在日益全球化的经济和复杂的安全环境中的竞争力之际，正在“加厚”。本文将调查这些政策发展背后的一些关键原因，探索奥巴马政府制定边境管理方法的一些早期立场。它还将通过提供一些具体建议，对改善边境管理政策的机会进行一些思考，这可能有助于推动解决紧迫的--和不断恶化的--双边安全和贸易问题。
Despite making modest progress on challenging management and security issues common to their shared border, the United States and Canada have, in recent years, slipped behind on advancing a progressive border agenda. The momentum unleashed under the 30-point Smart Border Action Plan, signed in late 2001, has slowed in the face of new regulations at the border, many of which were initiated by the United States. These include significant changes in US admission procedures under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), new border policing resources and protocols, as well as new customs and inspection fees. The much-heralded Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP), designed to facilitate both trade and security between the two countries, has also lost momentum, with the last trilateral meeting of leaders resulting in little more than a press release. As a result of these and other developments, it appears that rather than “thinning,” the US–Canada border is “thickening” at precisely the time when greater economic and security cooperation is necessary to bolster North American competitiveness in an increasingly globalized economy and complex security environment. This article will investigate some of the key reasons behind these policy developments, exploring some of the early positions that frame approaches to border management in the Obama administration. It will also offer some thoughts on opportunities for improved border management policies by providing some specific recommendations, which may help advance solutions to pressing – and festering – bilateral security and trade issues.