Electrochemical Sensing of Neonicotinoids Using Laser-Induced Graphene
Electrochemical Sensing of Neonicotinoids Using Laser-Induced Graphene
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DOI：
10.1021/acssensors.1c01082
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发表时间：
2021-08-09
期刊：
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Claussen, Jonathan C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnson, Zachary T.;Williams, Kelli;Claussen, Jonathan C.
新烟碱是增长最快的杀虫剂，占全球农药市场的25%以上，能够控制一系列危害农田、家庭庭院/花园和高尔夫球场草坪的害虫。然而，广泛使用已导致传粉者、昆虫和鸟类中非靶标生物体的减少，而对人类的慢性亚致死影响仍在很大程度上未知。因此，有必要了解新烟碱在环境中的普遍程度，因为目前还没有商业上可用的现场部署传感器来测量地表水中新烟碱的浓度。在这里，我们报告了第一个利用电化学传感检测新烟碱的激光诱导石墨烯(LIG)平台的例子。这些基于石墨烯的传感器是通过可扩展的直写激光制造工艺制造的，该工艺可将聚酰亚胺转化为LIG，从而消除了通常与其他印刷石墨烯传感器相关的石墨烯化学合成、墨水配方、掩膜、模板、图案辊和印后热处理的需要。采用方波伏安法，在没有化学/生物功能化的情况下，该电极能够监测四种主要的新烟碱类化合物(ClO、IMD、TMX和DNT)，检测下限低(ClO，823 nM；IMD，384 nM；TMX，338 nM；DNT，682 nM)，响应时间快(类似于10 S)。干扰试验显示，广泛使用的杀虫剂对硫磷、对氧磷和氟虫腈，以及系统除草剂草甘膦、阿特拉津、敌草畏和2，4-二氯苯氧乙酸的反应可以忽略不计。这些可扩展的、基于石墨烯的传感器具有广泛绘制流域中新烟碱的地图的潜力，并有可能用于许多电化学传感器设备。
Neonicotinoids are the fastest-growing insecticide accounting for over 25% of the global pesticide market and are capable of controlling a range of pests that damage croplands, home yards/gardens, and golf course greens. However, widespread use has led to nontarget organism decline in pollinators, insects, and birds, while chronic, sublethal effects on humans are still largely unknown. Therefore, there is a need to understand how prevalent neonicotinoids are in the environment as there are currently no commercially available field-deployable sensors capable of measuring neonicotinoid concentrations in surface waters. Herein, we report the first example of a laser-induced graphene (LIG) platform that utilizes electrochemical sensing for neonicotinoid detection. These graphene-based sensors are created through a scalable direct-write laser fabrication process that converts polyimide into LIG, which eliminates the need for chemical synthesis of graphene, ink formulation, masks, stencils, pattern rolls, and postprint annealing commonly associated with other printed graphene sensors. The LIG electrodes were capable of monitoring four major neonicotinoids (CLO, IMD, TMX, and DNT) with low detection limits (CLO, 823 nM; IMD, 384 nM; TMX, 338 nM; and DNT, 682 nM) and a rapid response time (similar to 10 s) using square-wave voltammetry without chemical/biological functionalization. Interference testing exhibited negligible responses from widely used pesticides including the broad-leaf insecticides parathion, paraoxon, and fipronil, as well as systemic herbicides glyphosate (roundup), atrazine, dicamba, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. These scalable, graphene-based sensors have the potential for wide-scale mapping of neonicotinoids in watersheds and potential use in numerous electrochemical sensor devices.