Exosomes: novel regulators of bone remodelling and potential therapeutic agents for orthodontics.
Exosomes: novel regulators of bone remodelling and potential therapeutic agents for orthodontics.
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DOI：
10.1111/ocr.12165
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Rody WJ Jr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Holliday LS;McHugh KP;Zuo J;Aguirre JI;Neubert JK;Rody WJ Jr
Holliday LS，McHugh KP，Zuo J，Aguirre JI，Neubert JK，Rody，Jr WJ最近的研究表明，外泌体参与维持健康骨骼所需的细胞间通讯。外泌体是小的（直径30-150 nm）细胞外囊泡，其形成于多泡体中，并且随着多泡体与质膜融合而从细胞中释放。调节性外泌体具有对靶细胞施加深刻控制的能力。它们可以刺激质膜受体，并且还被靶细胞内化，从来源细胞递送蛋白质、脂质、小分子和功能性RNA。我们和其他人最近报道了来自破骨细胞和成骨细胞的调节性外泌体，这些结果将被强调。在基于外泌体的骨重建调控中鉴定的关键候选分子包括核因子κ B受体激活剂（RANK）、RANK配体（RANKL）、ephrinA 2、脑信号蛋白4D、microRNA-146 a和microRNA- 214- 3 p。外泌体可能被证明是整合骨细胞（破骨细胞，成骨细胞，骨细胞）和连接骨与其他组织的通信网络中的关键元素。从培养中生长的骨细胞收集的外泌体可能被证明可用于增强与正畸力应用相关的或颅面骨修复所需的骨重塑。各种技术允许外泌体被工程化以改善其用于治疗目的的靶向和功效。外泌体已成为骨细胞间通讯机制的重要组成部分。它们作为治疗靶点、生物标志物和治疗剂对免疫学家来说有很大的希望。
Holliday LS, McHugh KP, Zuo J, Aguirre JI, Neubert JK, Rody, Jr WJ Recent studies suggest that exosomes are involved in intercellular communication required for the maintenance of healthy bone. Exosomes are small (30-150 nm in diameter) extracellular vesicles that are formed in multivesicular bodies and are released from cells as the multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane. Regulatory exosomes have the capacity to exert profound control over target cells. They can stimulate plasma membrane receptors and are also internalized by the target cell delivering proteins, lipids, small molecules and functional RNAs from the cell of origin. We and others have recently reported on regulatory exosomes from osteoclasts and osteoblasts and these results will be highlighted. Review Key candidate molecules identified in exosome-based regulation of bone remodeling include receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), RANK-ligand (RANKL), ephrinA2, semaphorin 4D, microRNA-146a and microRNA- 214-3p. Exosomes will likely prove to be crucial elements in the communication networks integrating bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes) and linking bone to other tissue. Exosomes collected from bone cells grown in culture may prove useful to augment bone remodeling associated with orthodontic force application or required for the repair of craniofacial bone. Various technologies allow exosomes to be engineered to improve their targeting and efficacy for therapeutic purposes. Exosomes have emerged as important elements of the machinery for intercellular communication between bone cells. They hold great promise as therapeutic targets, biomarkers and therapeutic agents for orthodontists.