Beyond Literal Similarity
Beyond Literal Similarity
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.86.3.161
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发表时间：
1979-05
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
A. Ortony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Ortony
迄今为止，相似性理论一直局限于对所谓字面相似性的判断。本文的一个中心论点是，对相似性的完整描述也需要对非字面性或隐喻性敏感，这是相似性陈述的一个方面，在明喻中最为明显，但实际上是隐喻语言的基础。在比较中，隐喻可以用两个词的匹配（或匹配）属性的相对显著程度来表示，这一观点得到了理论论证的支持。对特沃斯基关于相似性的解释提出了一种修正。本文讨论了这一建议对相似性陈述的影响，以及对其理解所涉及的心理过程的影响。本文认为，所提出的相似性的一般解释，包括非字面上的相似性，不仅可以构成隐喻理论的基础，而且可以对隐喻、类比和相似性之间的关系给出可信的解释。
Hitherto, theories of similarity have restricted themselves to judgments of what might be called literal similarity. A central thesis of this article is that a complete account of similarity needs also to be sensitive to nonliteralness, or metaphoricity, an aspect of similarity statements that is most evident in similes but that actually underlies metaphorical language in general. Theoretical arguments are advanced in support of the claim that metaphoricity can be represented in terms of the relative degrees of salience of matching (or matchable) attributes of the two terms in a comparison. A modification of Tversky's account of similarity is proposed. The implications of this proposal for similarity statements are discussed, along with implications for the psychological processes involved in their comprehension. It is argued that the general account of similarity proposed, including, as it does, nonliteral similarity, can form not only the basis of a theory of metaphor but can also give a credible account of the relationship between metaphor, analogy, and similarity.