Fish meal replacement by plant protein substitution and guar gum addition in trout feed, Part I: Effects on feed utilization and fish quality
Fish meal replacement by plant protein substitution and guar gum addition in trout feed, Part I: Effects on feed utilization and fish quality
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.09.041
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发表时间：
2011-01-09
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Reiter, Reinhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brinker, Alexander;Reiter, Reinhard
在一项双因素实验中，测试了三种虹鳟鱼饲料对鱼类生长和健康、产品质量和可持续性的影响。这些日粮由广泛可用且价格实惠的原材料组成，是等能量和等碳水化合物的，但含有不同来源的蛋白质，如下：100% 鱼粉蛋白（Fl 日粮）、50% 鱼粉蛋白和 50% 植物源蛋白（FP 日粮）以及 100% 植物蛋白补充蛋氨酸/赖氨酸 (PL) 日粮。配制了另外三种饲料，复制 FI、FP 和 PL，但富含 0.3% 瓜尔胶粘合剂，以抵消排泄废物特性可能产生的负面影响。鱼在所有饲料中都表现良好。观察到的显着差异几乎完全归因于蛋白质来源，而不是结合剂的存在或不存在。总体身体成分的尸检数据显示，与使用 Fl 或 FP 饮食饲养的鱼相比，饲喂 PL 饮食的鱼的鱼片明显更瘦，蛋白质含量百分比更高。在饲喂 Fl 饮食的鱼肝脏中观察到的病理变化与现代高能量饮食饲养的鱼的预期范围一致。然而，在饲料中摄入植物蛋白的鱼的病理学显着减少。采用 PL 饲料喂养的个体表现出几乎完全健康的肝脏。植物蛋白饲料的主要缺点是脂质消化率降低，导致生长和饲料转化率略有下降。植物蛋白作为饲料成分减少养鱼场废物富营养化的潜在价值得到了证实。它们的内在磷含量较低，因此可以轻松调整日粮水平，以满足但不超过鱼类的生理需要，从而最大限度地减少过量磷的排泄。观察到对肝体指数（HSI）的强烈影响，但这归因于植物日粮中碳水化合物的可用性更高，而不是蛋白质来源。对肉质参数的评估显示， 治疗，尽管这些效果还不够明显，不足以反映在感官测试小组的感官试验结果中。 总之，即使用经济实惠的植物蛋白 100% 替代鱼粉蛋白，也可以提供有竞争力的饲料。此外，还注意到对鱼类的一些令人惊讶的健康益处。开发成功的植物性饮食的下一个挑战是了解和抵消对脂质消化率的影响，并确定可能影响鱼类健康的功能成分。 (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
In a two-factorial experiment the effects of three rainbow trout diets were tested with respect to growth and health of fish stock, product quality and sustainability. The diets, comprising widely available and affordable raw ingredients, were iso-energetic and iso-carbohydrated, but contained protein of different provenances as follows: 100% of protein from fishmeal (Fl diet), 50% of protein from fishmeal and 50% from plant sources (FP diet), and 100% plant protein supplemented with methionine/lysine (PL) diet. Three further diets were formulated, replicating FI, FP and PL, but enriched with 0.3% guar gum binder to counteract possible negative effects of excreted waste characteristics.Fish performed well on all diets. The observed significant differences were attributable almost entirely to protein provenance rather than to the presence or absence of binder. The post mortem data on gross body composition revealed that fillets from fish fed the PL diet were significantly leaner, with a greater percentage protein content than those from individuals raised on the Fl or FP diets.Pathological alterations observed in the livers of fish fed the Fl diet were in the expected range for fish reared on modern high energy diets. However, pathology was significantly reduced in fish receiving plant protein in their feed. Individuals raised on the PL diet exhibited almost completely healthy livers.The main shortcoming of the plant protein diets was a reduction in lipid digestibility, leading to slight depression in growth and feed conversion rates.The potential value of plant proteins as components in feeds to reduce eutrophication by fish farm wastes was confirmed. Their low intrinsic phosphorus content allows dietary levels to be easily adjusted to meet, but not exceed, the physiological needs of the fish, thus minimizing the excretion of excess phosphorus.A strong effect on hepatosomatic index (HSI), was observed, but was ascribed to the greater availability of carbohydrate in plant diets rather than to the origin of protein.Assessment of flesh quality parameters revealed slight differences between treatments, although these were not pronounced enough to be reflected in the results of organoleptic trials by a sensory test panel.In conclusion, even a 100% substitution of fishmeal proteins by affordable plant protein provides a competitive feed. Furthermore, some surprising health benefits for fish stock were also noted. The next challenge in developing a successful plant-based diet is to understand and counteract the effects on lipid digestibility and to identify the functional component that may be affecting fish health. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.