Exercise is good for your blood pressure: Effects of endurance training and resistance training
Exercise is good for your blood pressure: Effects of endurance training and resistance training
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04453.x
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Fagard, R. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fagard, R. H.
虽然一些流行病学研究没有观察到身体活动或健身与血压之间的显著独立关系，但其他人得出结论，血压在更健康或更活跃的人中更低。然而，纵向干预研究更适合于评估身体活动对血压的影响。以前，我们对涉及动态有氧耐力训练或阻力训练的随机对照试验进行了荟萃分析。入选标准为：随机分配到干预组和对照组;体育训练作为唯一的干预措施;包括健康的久坐不动的血压正常和/或高血压的成年人;干预持续时间至少4周;收缩压和/或舒张压的可用性;在同行评审的期刊上发表，直到2003年12月。在对训练参与者的数量进行加权后，训练诱导静息和日间动态血压分别显著净降低3.0/2.4 mmHg（P < 0.001）和3.3/3.5 mmHg（P < 0.01）。30个高血压研究组的静息血压下降（-6.9/-4.9）比其他组（-1.9/-1.6; P < 0.001）更明显。体循环阻力下降7.1%（P < 0.05），血浆去甲肾上腺素下降29%（P < 0.001），血浆肾素活性下降20%（P < 0.05）。体重下降1.2kg（P < 0.001），腰围下降2.8cm（P < 0.001），体脂百分比下降1.4%（P < 0.001），胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA）指数下降0.31个单位（P < 0.01）。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高0.032mmol/L（P < 0.05）。9项随机对照试验的荟萃分析（12个研究组）主要进行动态阻力训练，显示舒张压加权净降低3.5 mmHg（P < 0.01）与运动和收缩压3.2 mmHg的非显著性降低相关（P = 0.10）。总之，动态有氧耐力训练通过降低全身血管阻力来降低血压，其中交感神经系统和肾素-血管紧张素系统似乎参与其中，并有利地影响伴随的心血管危险因素。此外，少数可用的数据表明，阻力训练能够降低血压。
Although several epidemiological studies have not observed significant independent relationships between physical activity or fitness and blood pressure, others have concluded that blood pressure is lower in individuals who are more fit or active. However, longitudinal intervention studies are more appropriate for assessing the effects of physical activity on blood pressure.Previously, we have performed meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials involving dynamic aerobic endurance training or resistance training. Inclusion criteria were: random allocation to intervention and control; physical training as the sole intervention; inclusion of healthy sedentary normotensive and/or hypertensive adults; intervention duration of at least 4 weeks; availability of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure; and publication in a peer-reviewed journal up to December 2003.The meta-analysis on endurance training involved 72 trials and 105 study groups. After weighting for the number of trained participants, training induced significant net reductions of resting and day time ambulatory blood pressure of 3.0/2.4 mmHg (P < 0.001) and 3.3/3.5 mmHg (P < 0.01), respectively. The reduction of resting blood pressure was more pronounced in the 30 hypertensive study groups (-6.9/-4.9) than in the others (-1.9/-1.6; P < 0.001 for all). Systemic vascular resistance decreased by 7.1% (P < 0.05), plasma noradrenaline by 29% (P < 0.001) and plasma renin activity by 20% (P < 0.05). Bodyweight decreased by 1.2 kg (P < 0.001), waist circumference by 2.8 cm (P < 0.001), percentage body fat by 1.4% (P < 0.001) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index of insulin resistance by 0.31 units (P < 0.01). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased by 0.032 mmol/L (P < 0.05).Resistance training has been less well studied. A meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials (12 study groups) on mostly dynamic resistance training revealed a weighted net reduction of diastolic blood pressure of 3.5 mmHg (P < 0.01) associated with exercise and a non-significant reduction of systolic blood pressure of 3.2 mmHg (P = 0.10).In conclusion, dynamic aerobic endurance training decreases blood pressure through a reduction of systemic vascular resistance, in which the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system appear to be involved, and favourably affects concomitant cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, the few available data suggest that resistance training is able to reduce blood pressure.