The "gender gap" in authorship of Academic Medical Literature - A 35-year perspective
The "gender gap" in authorship of Academic Medical Literature - A 35-year perspective
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DOI：
10.1056/nejmsa053910
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发表时间：
2006-07-20
影响因子：
158.5
通讯作者：
Hylek, Elaine M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jagsi, Reshma;Guancial, Elizabeth A.;Hylek, Elaine M.
背景：在过去四十年中，女性在医学界的参与有所增加，但学术医学领域的性别差异问题仍然令人担忧。进步很大程度上是由同行评审的原创研究推动的，因此我们试图确定过去 35 年来选定出版物的作者中女性医师研究员的代表性。方法：来自六种著名医学期刊的原创文章 - 《新英格兰医学杂志》(NEJM)、《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)、《内科医学年鉴》(Ann Intern Med)、《外科年鉴》(Ann Surg)、《妇产科》(Obstet) Gynecol）和儿科杂志（J Pediatr） - 根据第一作者和资深作者（最后列出）的性别进行分类。 NEJM 和 JAMA 客座社论作者的性别也被确定。收集了 1970 年、1980 年、1990 年、2000 年和 2004 年的数据。分析仅限于来自美国机构、拥有医学博士学位的作者。结果：在 7249 名拥有医学博士学位的美国原创研究作者中，98.5% 的作者已确定性别。女性第一作者的比例从 1970 年的 5.9% 增加到 2004 年的 29.3%（P < 0.001），同期高级作者的女性比例从 3.7% 增加到 19.3%（P < 0.001）。 《Obstet Gynecol》（从 1970 年第一作者的 6.7% 和高级作者的 6.8% 增加到 2004 年第一作者的 40.7% 和高级作者的 28.0%）和 J Pediatr（从 1970 年第一作者的 15.0% 和高级作者的 4.3% 增加到第一作者的 38.9% 和高级作者的 38.0%）的女性作者比例增长最快。 2004 年的高级作者），而 Ann Surg 的比例仍然较低（从 1970 年的第一作者的 2.3% 和高级作者的 0.7% 到 2004 年的第一作者的 16.7% 和高级作者的 6.7%）。 2004年，《NEJM》客座社论作者中有11.4%是女性，《JAMA》客座社论作者中有18.8%是女性。 结论：在过去四十年中，美国原创研究第一作者和高级医师作者中的女性比例显着增加。尽管如此，在所研究期刊的原创研究和客座社论作者中，女性仍然占少数。
Background: Participation of women in the medical profession has increased during the past four decades, but issues of concern persist regarding disparities between the sexes in academic medicine. Advancement is largely driven by peer-reviewed original research, so we sought to determine the representation of female physician-investigators among the authors of selected publications during the past 35 years.Methods: Original articles from six prominent medical journals - the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the Annals of Internal Medicine (Ann Intern Med), the Annals of Surgery (Ann Surg), Obstetrics & Gynecology (Obstet Gynecol), and the Journal of Pediatrics (J Pediatr) - were categorized according to the sex of both the first and the senior (last listed) author. Sex was also determined for the authors of guest editorials in NEJM and JAMA. Data were collected for the years 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2004. The analysis was restricted to authors from U.S. institutions holding M.D. degrees.Results: The sex was determined for 98.5 percent of the 7249 U.S. authors of original research with M.D. degrees. The proportion of first authors who were women increased from 5.9 percent in 1970 to 29.3 percent in 2004 (P < 0.001), and the proportion of senior authors who were women increased from 3.7 percent to 19.3 percent (P < 0.001) during the same period. The proportion of authors who were women increased most sharply in Obstet Gynecol (from 6.7 percent of first authors and 6.8 percent of senior authors in 1970 to 40.7 percent of first authors and 28.0 percent of senior authors in 2004) and J Pediatr (from 15.0 percent of first authors and 4.3 percent of senior authors in 1970 to 38.9 percent of first authors and 38.0 percent of senior authors in 2004) and remained low in Ann Surg (from 2.3 percent of first authors and 0.7 percent of senior authors in 1970 to 16.7 percent of first authors and 6.7 percent of senior authors in 2004). In 2004, 11.4 percent of the authors of guest editorials in NEJM and 18.8 percent of the authors of guest editorials in JAMA were women.Conclusions: Over the past four decades, the proportion of women among both first and senior physician-authors of original research in the United States has significantly increased. Nevertheless, women still compose a minority of the authors of original research and guest editorials in the journals studied.