Geometric mechanics of ordered and disordered kirigami

Geometric mechanics of ordered and disordered kirigami
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有序和无序剪纸的几何力学

DOI:
10.1098/rspa.2022.0822
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Physical and Engineering Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mahadevan, L.
Mahadevan, L.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chaudhary, G.;Niu, L.;Han, Q.;Lewicka, M.;Mahadevan, L.

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薄平面板材中不完整切口的存在会极大地改变其对载荷的机械和几何响应,因为切口使板材在三维空间中发生强烈变形,这在剪纸艺术形式中得到了最精美的体现。我们使用数值实验来表征 kirigamized 板材的几何力学作为切割数量、尺寸和方向的函数。我们表明,机械加载片材的几何形状可以近似为简单可展开单元的组合:平面、圆柱体、圆锥体和压缩弹性体。这种几何构造产生了薄板在弱变形极限和强变形极限下的机械响应的比例定律。在最终延伸的极限中,这进一步导出了关于任意剪纸图案中测地线的性质和形式的定理,与观察和模拟一致。最后,我们表明,通过改变 kirigamized 片材中测地线的形状和大小,我们可以控制片材的部署轨迹,从而控制其作为可调结构示例的功能特性,该结构可以用作机器人抓手、软光窗或物理不可克隆设备的基础。总的来说,我们对无序剪纸的研究为使用切割控制薄片的形状和屏蔽应力奠定了基础。
The presence of incomplete cuts in a thin planar sheet can dramatically alter its mechanical and geometrical response to loading, as the cuts allow the sheet to deform strongly in the third dimension, most beautifully demonstrated in kirigami art-forms. We use numerical experiments to characterize the geometric mechanics of kirigamized sheets as a function of the number, size and orientation of cuts. We show that the geometry of mechanically loaded sheets can be approximated as a composition of simple developable units: flats, cylinders, cones and compressed Elasticae. This geometric construction yields scaling laws for the mechanical response of the sheet in both the weak and strongly deformed limit. In the ultimately stretched limit, this further leads to a theorem on the nature and form of geodesics in an arbitrary kirigami pattern, consistent with observations and simulations. Finally, we show that by varying the shape and size of the geodesic in a kirigamized sheet, we can control the deployment trajectory of the sheet, and thence its functional properties as an exemplar of a tunable structure that can serve as a robotic gripper, a soft light window or the basis for a physically unclonable device. Overall our study of disordered kirigami sets the stage for controlling the shape and shielding the stresses in thin sheets using cuts.
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