Evolution of floral scent in Clarkia: Novel patterns of S-linalool synthase gene expression in the C-breweri flower
Evolution of floral scent in Clarkia: Novel patterns of S-linalool synthase gene expression in the C-breweri flower
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DOI：
10.1105/tpc.8.7.1137
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发表时间：
1996-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Pichersky, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dudareva, N;Cseke, L;Pichersky, E
产于加州海岸的一年生植物Clarkia breweri的花散发出强烈的甜味，其中S-芳樟醇是一种非环状单萜，是其主要成分。染色体、化学和形态学数据以及该物种的地理分布表明，C. breweri是由一个无气味的种C. concinna。从C.啤酒。我们在C. breweri，Lis在柱头和花柱的传递道细胞、花瓣的表皮细胞以及雄蕊中高表达，而在无香味的C.在两种植物中，蛋白质水平的变化与mRNA水平的变化相平行，酶活性水平的变化与蛋白质水平的变化相平行。breweri中，Lis的表达被上调，并且其范围扩大到包括在C. concinna。这些结果表明，气味是如何以一种相对简单的方式进化的，而不需要进化出高度专门化的“气味腺”和其他专门化的结构。Lis编码的蛋白质在结构上与称为萜烯脱氢酶的蛋白质家族相关。由Lis编码的蛋白质是发现的催化无环单萜形成的该家族的第一个成员。
Flowers of Clarkia breweri, an annual plant from the coastal range of California, emit a strong sweet scent of which S-linalool, an acyclic monoterpene, is a major component. Chromosomal, chemical, and morphological data, and the species' geographic distribution, suggest that C. breweri evolved from an extant nonscented species, C. concinna. A cDNA of Lis, the gene encoding S-linalool synthase, was isolated from C. breweri. We show that in C. breweri, Lis is highly expressed in cells of the transmitting tract of the stigma and style and in the epidermal cells of petals, as well as in stamens, whereas in the nonscented C. concinna, Lis is expressed only in the stigma and at a relatively low level, In both species, changes in protein levels parallel changes in mRNA levels, and changes in enzyme activity levels parallel changes in protein levels, The results indicate that in C. breweri, the expression of Lis has been upregulated and its range enlarged to include cells not expressing this gene in C. concinna. These results show how scent can evolve in a relatively simple way without the evolution of highly specialized ''scent glands'' and other specialized structures. Lis encodes a protein that is structurally related to the family of proteins termed terpene synthases, The protein encoded by Lis is the first member of this family found to catalyze the formation of an acyclic monoterpene.