Recent advances in plant-herbivore interactions.
Recent advances in plant-herbivore interactions.
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DOI：
10.12688/f1000research.10313.1
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Parker JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burkepile DE;Parker JD
植物-草食动物的相互作用塑造了海洋、淡水和陆地栖息地的群落动态。从片足类动物到大象，从藻类到树木，植物-食草动物的关系是仅仅从阳光中产生动物生物量（和人类社会）的关键环节。因此，这些相互作用对于理解几乎任何生态系统的生态和进化都至关重要。在这里，我们简要介绍了植物-草食动物相互作用的四个领域的最新进展：（1）植物防御理论，（2）草食动物多样性和生态系统功能，（3）捕食风险规避和草食动物，（4）气候变化如何影响植物-草食动物相互作用。例如，植物防御理论的最新进展突出了植物生活史和防御性状如何影响和受到多种驱动因素的影响，包括敌人压力，资源可用性和当地植物邻居，从而导致性状介导的反馈回路将营养相互作用与生态系统营养动态联系起来。同样，虽然消费者多样性对生态系统功能的积极影响早已得到承认，但最近的进展使用DNA条形码来阐明饮食，全球定位系统/遥感来确定栖息地选择和影响，表明草食动物群落的功能可能比目前认识到的更加多样化。此外，虽然大多数多样性功能的研究继续强调植物多样性，草食动物的多样性可能有更强的影响生态系统的多功能性。最近的研究还强调了风险在植物-草食动物相互作用中的作用，风险驱动的营养级联已成为各种生态系统中的生态系统规模模式。也许并不奇怪，许多植物-食草动物的相互作用目前正在被气候变化所改变，这会影响植物的生长速度和资源分配，化学防御的表达，植物物候学以及食草动物的代谢和行为。最后，我们指出，虽然该领域正在迅速发展，但世界的变化更快，挑战我们管理食物链中这些关键环节的能力。
Plant-herbivore interactions shape community dynamics across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. From amphipods to elephants and from algae to trees, plant-herbivore relationships are the crucial link generating animal biomass (and human societies) from mere sunlight. These interactions are, thus, pivotal to understanding the ecology and evolution of virtually any ecosystem. Here, we briefly highlight recent advances in four areas of plant-herbivore interactions: (1) plant defense theory, (2) herbivore diversity and ecosystem function, (3) predation risk aversion and herbivory, and (4) how a changing climate impacts plant-herbivore interactions. Recent advances in plant defense theory, for example, highlight how plant life history and defense traits affect and are affected by multiple drivers, including enemy pressure, resource availability, and the local plant neighborhood, resulting in trait-mediated feedback loops linking trophic interactions with ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Similarly, although the positive effect of consumer diversity on ecosystem function has long been recognized, recent advances using DNA barcoding to elucidate diet, and Global Positioning System/remote sensing to determine habitat selection and impact, have shown that herbivore communities are probably even more functionally diverse than currently realized. Moreover, although most diversity-function studies continue to emphasize plant diversity, herbivore diversity may have even stronger impacts on ecosystem multifunctionality. Recent studies also highlight the role of risk in plant-herbivore interactions, and risk-driven trophic cascades have emerged as landscape-scale patterns in a variety of ecosystems. Perhaps not surprisingly, many plant-herbivore interactions are currently being altered by climate change, which affects plant growth rates and resource allocation, expression of chemical defenses, plant phenology, and herbivore metabolism and behavior. Finally, we conclude by noting that although the field is advancing rapidly, the world is changing even more rapidly, challenging our ability to manage these pivotal links in the food chain.