Spatial and Seasonal Variation of Selected Water Quality Parameters in Chania River Catchment, Kenya
Spatial and Seasonal Variation of Selected Water Quality Parameters in Chania River Catchment, Kenya
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肯尼亚干尼亚河流域选定水质参数的空间和季节变化
DOI：
10.9734/bjast/2016/30209
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Mwangi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Kimani;G. Thiong’o;J. Mwangi
肯尼亚的河流系统长期以来一直受到人为污染的威胁。用分光光度法测定了SO 42-、NO3- -N、NO2- -N、PO 43-和Cl -等阴离子。使用原子吸收分光光度计分析的金属为Na、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd。在雨季，Turnish是记录的最高参数，平均值为169.4 NTU，其与75%的参数（Pearson's r >0.5）具有很强的相关性，这意味着在雨季，上游集水区的农业对硝酸盐和磷酸盐等渗入河流有影响。总之，45%的参数显示出显著的季节性变化（p<0.5），50%的参数的平均浓度在旱季较高。Turnover，硝酸盐，亚硝酸盐，锰，铁和铅超过了世卫组织的指导方针，表明集水区的水质很差。由于家庭和工业废水造成下游的点污染，不可持续的耕作方法造成河流上游的重大非点污染。该研究建议严格执行环境法律，以遏制点源污染，并采取基于激励的方法减少非点源污染，并就如何控制人为活动进行公众教育。
River systems in Kenya have been under threat from anthropogenic based pollution for a long time. portable meters while anions; SO 42- , NO 3- -N, NO 2- -N, PO 43- and Cl - were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Metals analyzed were; Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Turbidity was the highest recorded parameter during the wet season with a mean of 169.4 NTU and its strong correlation with 75% of the parameters (Pearson’s r >0.5 ) meant that farming in the upper catchment had an effect on nitrate and phosphate among others leaching into the river during the wet season. In summary, 45% of the parameters showed significant seasonal variation ( p<0.5 ) with mean concentration of 50% of the parameters being higher during the dry season. Turbidity, nitrate, nitrite, manganese, iron and lead exceeded WHO guidelines indicating poor water quality in the catchment. As domestic and industrial waste water contribute to point pollution downstream, unsustainable farming practices give rise to significant nonpoint pollution upstream of the river. The study recommends strict enforcement of environmental laws to curb point pollution and an incentive based approach to reduce non-point pollution with public enlightenment on how to control anthropogenic activities.