Bolus dynamics: theoretical and experimental aspects.
Bolus dynamics: theoretical and experimental aspects.
复制标题
推注动力学：理论和实验方面。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
P. Dawson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Blomley;P. Dawson
本文分析了短时间静脉推注碘化造影剂所产生的动脉增强，特别注意不同类型造影剂之间的差异。一个理论上的讨论，其次是一个小的实验研究。动脉时间-衰减曲线的特征是造影剂转运至细胞外液（ECF）的速率、渗透压驱动的水从ECF转运至血浆、对心脏和肺循环的直接影响、心肺循环和再循环中转运时间的分布的函数。理论预测，虽然峰值动脉衰减/峰值高度（PH）的差异很小，但时间衰减曲线（AUC）下面积的变化将反映在没有主要变力作用的情况下的早期速率常数。非离子介质的AUC应高于离子介质，反映了这些较低的速率常数。对三只健康犬进行的实验研究证实了这些理论观察结果，使用非离子介质时pH略高（高6.5%），但AUC显著较高（高22%）。（差异在5%水平下显著，双尾配对t检验。）我们的理论预测和实验结果表明，非离子介质产生上级血管增强，特别是在注射后不久。可能的临床意义，特别是在动态增强计算机断层扫描，进行了讨论。
This paper analyses the arterial enhancement produced by short intravenous boluses of iodinated contrast medium, with particular attention to the differences between various types of contrast media. A theoretical discussion is presented, followed by a small experimental study. The characteristics of the arterial time-attenuation curve are a function of the rate of contrast medium transit to the extracellular fluid (ECF), osmolality driven transit of water from the ECF into the plasma, direct effects on the heart and pulmonary circulation, the distribution of transit times in the cardiopulmonary circulation and recirculation. Theory predicts that while differences in peak arterial attenuation/peak height (PH) will be small, alterations in the areas under the time-attenuation curve (AUC) will reflect early-phase rate constants in the absence of major inotropic effects. The AUC should be higher for non-ionic than ionic media reflecting these lower rate constants. An experimental study on three healthy dogs confirmed these theoretical observations, with a slightly higher PH (6.5% higher) using a non-ionic medium but a substantially higher AUC (22% higher). (Differences significant at the 5% level, two-tailed paired t-test.) Our theoretical predictions and experimental findings suggest non-ionic media produce superior vascular enhancement, particularly shortly after injection. Possible clinical implications, particularly in dynamic enhanced computed tomography, are discussed.