Effects of User Puff Topography, Device Voltage, and Liquid Nicotine Concentration on Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Yield: Measurements and Model Predictions
Effects of User Puff Topography, Device Voltage, and Liquid Nicotine Concentration on Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Yield: Measurements and Model Predictions
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntu174
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Shihadeh, Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Talih, Soha;Balhas, Zainab;Shihadeh, Alan
一些电子烟（ECIG）使用者达到了类似烟草香烟的血浆尼古丁浓度，而另一些则没有。了解影响ECIG气溶胶尼古丁输送的因素与监管相关，包括产品标签和滥用责任。这些因素可能包括用户雾化地形、ECIG液体成分和ECIG设计特征。本研究探讨了这些因素如何影响ECIG尼古丁产量。方法：用1种ECIG烟筒（V4L CoolCart）使用5种不同的抽气剖面生成气溶胶，分别代表吸烟者（2秒吸烟持续时间，33毫升/秒吸烟速度），慢速ECIG使用者（4秒，17毫升/秒），快速ECIG使用者（4秒，33毫升/秒），慢速极限使用者（8秒，17毫升/秒）和快速极限使用者（8秒，33毫升/秒）。输出电压（3.3-5.2 V或3.0-7.5 W）和烟液尼古丁浓度（18-36 mg/ml标记浓度）变化。还开发了一个理论模型来模拟ECIG气溶胶产生过程，并提供对经验观测的见解。结果：不同条件下，15口烟的尼古丁含量变化超过50倍。有经验的ECIG使用者（吸更长的烟）比吸烟者（吸更短的烟）产生更高的尼古丁。喷烟速度对尼古丁产量没有影响。较高的尼古丁浓度和电压导致较高的尼古丁产量。理论模型很好地预测了这些结果（R-2 = 0.99）。结论：根据抽吸条件和产品特性的不同，从ECIG抽15口烟所提供的尼古丁比一支香烟少得多或多得多。ECIG排放可以使用物理原理预测，与知识的扑扑地形和一些ECIG装置的设计参数。
Introduction: Some electronic cigarette (ECIG) users attain tobacco cigarette-like plasma nicotine concentrations while others do not. Understanding the factors that influence ECIG aerosol nicotine delivery is relevant to regulation, including product labeling and abuse liability. These factors may include user puff topography, ECIG liquid composition, and ECIG design features. This study addresses how these factors can influence ECIG nicotine yield.Methods: Aerosols were machine generated with 1 type of ECIG cartridge (V4L CoolCart) using 5 distinct puff profiles representing a tobacco cigarette smoker (2-s puff duration, 33-ml/s puff velocity), a slow average ECIG user (4 s, 17 ml/s), a fast average user (4 s, 33 ml/s), a slow extreme user (8 s, 17 ml/s), and a fast extreme user (8 s, 33 ml/s). Output voltage (3.3-5.2 V or 3.0-7.5 W) and e-liquid nicotine concentration (18-36 mg/ml labeled concentration) were varied. A theoretical model was also developed to simulate the ECIG aerosol production process and to provide insight into the empirical observations.Results: Nicotine yields from 15 puffs varied by more than 50-fold across conditions. Experienced ECIG user profiles (longer puffs) resulted in higher nicotine yields relative to the tobacco smoker (shorter puffs). Puff velocity had no effect on nicotine yield. Higher nicotine concentration and higher voltages resulted in higher nicotine yields. These results were predicted well by the theoretical model (R-2 = 0.99).Conclusions: Depending on puff conditions and product features, 15 puffs from an ECIG can provide far less or far more nicotine than a single tobacco cigarette. ECIG emissions can be predicted using physical principles, with knowledge of puff topography and a few ECIG device design parameters.