Politics on the Endless Frontier: Postwar Research Policy in the United States
Politics on the Endless Frontier: Postwar Research Policy in the United States
复制标题
无尽边疆上的政治：美国战后研究政策
DOI：
10.1177/030981689806500116
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
D. Kleinman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Kleinman
美国政府支持科学技术的目的是什么？过去的遗产和制度如何限制了当前调整联邦研究政策的努力？自二战结束以来，这些问题从未如此紧迫，因为科学家和政策制定者重新讨论了联邦资助研究议程的可取性和目的。探索已经成为体现在战后联邦研究机构的价值观，政治在无尽的边疆澄清了这些辩论的条款，并揭示了什么是在试图重组该机构的利害关系。虽然它最终只是众多联邦研究决策机构中的一个，但国家科学基金会最初被认为是联邦研究决策系统的核心。克莱曼对国家科学基金会的历史考察揭示了该系统的社会学和政治运作，特别是一小群精英科学家塑造决策过程并定义基金会结构和未来的方式。从万尼瓦尔·布什1945年的宣言《无尽的边疆》开始，克莱曼探讨了战后研究政策机构的精英和民粹主义愿景，并展示了美国国家的结构如何导致建立一个支离破碎和不协调的联邦研究政策制定系统。他的书最后分析了最近在经济竞争力的“危机”下重新调整研究政策和重塑联邦决策机构的努力。一个特别及时的研究，政治上的无尽的边疆将感兴趣的历史学家和社会学家的科学和技术和科学政策分析。
Toward what end does the U.S. government support science and technology? How do the legacies and institutions of the past constrain current efforts to restructure federal research policy? Not since the end of World War II have these questions been so pressing, as scientists and policymakers debate anew the desirability and purpose of a federal agenda for funding research. Probing the values that have become embodied in the postwar federal research establishment, Politics on the Endless Frontier clarifies the terms of these debates and reveals what is at stake in attempts to reorganize that establishment. Although it ended up as only one among a host of federal research policymaking agencies, the National Science Foundation was originally conceived as central to the federal research policymaking system. Kleinman's historical examination of the National Science Foundation exposes the sociological and political workings of the system, particularly the way in which a small group of elite scientists shaped the policymaking process and defined the foundation's structure and future. Beginning with Vannevar Bush's 1945 manifesto The Endless Frontier, Kleinman explores elite and populist visions for a postwar research policy agency and shows how the structure of the American state led to the establishment of a fragmented and uncoordinated system for federal research policymaking. His book concludes with an analysis of recent efforts to reorient research policy and to remake federal policymaking institutions in light of the current "crisis" of economic competitiveness. A particularly timely study, Politics on the Endless Frontier will be of interest to historians and sociologists of science and technology and to science policy analysts.