Evolution and development of Brain Networks: From Caenorhabditis elegans to Homo sapiens
Evolution and development of Brain Networks: From Caenorhabditis elegans to Homo sapiens
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DOI：
10.3109/0954898x.2011.638968
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Varier, Sreedevi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaiser, Marcus;Varier, Sreedevi
神经网络在进化过程中表现出复杂性的逐步增加。从刺胞动物的扩散神经网络到猕猴和人类的模块化、层次化系统，从涉及有限数量任务和模式的简单过程逐渐转变为整合来自高度专业化组织的不同类型信息的复杂功能和行为处理。然而，对一系列物种的研究表明，在空间和拓扑特征以及网络形成的发育机制方面的基本相似性在整个进化过程中得以保留。“小世界”拓扑结构和高度连接的区域（枢纽）在整个进化规模中普遍存在，确保了有效的处理和对内部（例如）的弹性。G.病变）和外部（e. G.环境）的变化。此外，在大多数物种中，即使是枢纽的建立，连接遥远组件的长距离连接，以及模块化组织，也依赖于类似的机制。总之，进化分歧导致更大的复杂性，同时遵循基本的发展限制。
Neural networks show a progressive increase in complexity during the time course of evolution. From diffuse nerve nets in Cnidaria to modular, hierarchical systems in macaque and humans, there is a gradual shift from simple processes involving a limited amount of tasks and modalities to complex functional and behavioral processing integrating different kinds of information from highly specialized tissue. However, studies in a range of species suggest that fundamental similarities, in spatial and topological features as well as in developmental mechanisms for network formation, are retained across evolution. 'Small-world' topology and highly connected regions (hubs) are prevalent across the evolutionary scale, ensuring efficient processing and resilience to internal (e. g. lesions) and external (e. g. environment) changes. Furthermore, in most species, even the establishment of hubs, long-range connections linking distant components, and a modular organization, relies on similar mechanisms. In conclusion, evolutionary divergence leads to greater complexity while following essential developmental constraints.