Response of Vertisols, Andosols, and Alisols to paddy management
Response of Vertisols, Andosols, and Alisols to paddy management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.06.017
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
P. Winkler;K. Kaiser;A. Kölbl;T. Kühn;P. Schad;Livia Urbanski;S. Fiedler;E. Lehndorff;K. Kalbitz;S. Utami;Z. Cao;Gang Zhang;R. Jahn;I. Kögel‐Knabner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Winkler;K. Kaiser;A. Kölbl;T. Kühn;P. Schad;Livia Urbanski;S. Fiedler;E. Lehndorff;K. Kalbitz;S. Utami;Z. Cao;Gang Zhang;R. Jahn;I. Kögel‐Knabner
水稻土淹水和排水的交替作用引起氧化还原条件的交替。已知这会导致有机碳储量、铁氧化物的量和结晶度的变化以及粘土矿物的转化和随后的阳离子交换容量（CEC）的变化。然而，初始土壤类型对这些变化程度的影响尚未得到很好的理解。因此，我们研究了水稻土，来自三种不同的土壤类型（变性土，土，Alisols）火山母质在爪哇（印度尼西亚）。为了解释母质的变异性，我们在中国另外取样了砂岩衍生的泽泻土。邻近的非水稻土取样作为参考。通过对水稻土质地、容重、粘粒矿物组成、全量元素含量、pH、阳离子交换量、磷持留量、有机碳、酸性草酸盐（Feox）和连二亚硫酸盐-柠檬酸盐-碳酸氢盐-可提取铁（FeDCB）的分析，发现我国水稻土中只有泽泻源水稻土的质地发生了变化。水稻土表层粘粒含量的减少很可能是由于粘粒迁移造成的。粘土矿物只有微小的差异，被发现;表土的Andosol衍生的水稻土，然而，往往是少脱硅，表明植硅体积累。除了变性土，水稻管理造成显着的消耗铁氧化物在表土（水坑层和犁盘），由于氧化还原过程。还原态铁被淋溶或再氧化为短程有序铁氧化物的程度取决于土壤质地。灰成土和桑迪泽泻土有利于淋溶，粘质泽泻土有利于再氧化。在任何一种情况下，结晶铁氧化物的库存减少，导致短程有序铁氧化物的比例增加。磷的保留直接关系到短程有序铁氧化物的绝对量的变化。稻田底土中没有发现铁氧化物的积累，排水的侧向迁移可能是一个原因。在具有大垂直水通量的高渗透性土壤中（例如，水稻土管理下的灰岩土），胶体运输也可能发挥作用。尽管潜在的OC存储容量（即，铁氧化物、粘土矿物、水铝英石），中国的水稻土（发育于灰岩土和桑迪泽泻土）的有机碳含量在水洼表层较高，而其他土壤在水稻土管理下有机碳含量没有增加。因此，稻田管理并不一定能增强碳固存。相反，在非水稻土和水稻土之间的有机质输入的差异似乎决定了OC是否在水稻管理下积累或不。稻田管理对CEC的影响较小，主要是由于OC的积累和粘土矿物表面氧化铁膜的去除，总体上，稻田管理引起的CEC变化部分受到原始土壤和母质的影响。反过来，最初的土壤类型的主要特征被保存下来，而不是被水稻管理所覆盖。
Interchanging submergence and drainage in paddy soils induce alternating redox conditions. It is known that this causes changes in organic carbon stocks, in amounts and crystallinity of Fe oxides as well as transformation of clay minerals and subsequent changes in cation exchange capacity (CEC). However, the influence of the initial soil type on the extent of these changes is not yet well understood. Therefore, we studied paddy soils that derived from three different soil types (Vertisols, Andosols, Alisols) on volcanic parent material in Java (Indonesia). To account for the variability in parent materials, we additionally sampled sandstone-derived Alisols in China. Adjacent non-paddy soils were sampled as references. Samples were analyzed for texture, bulk density, clay mineral composition, total element content, pH, CEC, phosphorus retention, organic carbon (OC), and acid oxalate- (Feox) and dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate-extractable Fe (FeDCB).Only the Alisol-derived paddy soil in China showed textural changes, compared to the non-paddy soil. Evidence for paddy management induced ferrolysis was not found. The smaller topsoil clay content in the paddy soil is most probable caused by clay migration. Only minor differences in clay minerals were found; topsoils of Andosol-derived paddy soils, however, tend to be less desilicated, indicating phytolith accumulation. Except for Vertisols, paddy management caused significant depletion in Fe oxides in the topsoils (puddled layer and plow pan) due to redox processes. The extent to which the reduced Fe was leached or re-oxidized as short range-ordered Fe oxides depended on the soil texture. Andosols and sandy Alisols facilitated leaching, clayey Alisols re-oxidation. In either case, the stocks of crystalline Fe oxides diminished, causing increased proportions of short range-ordered Fe oxides. Retention of phosphorus was directly related to changes in the absolute amounts of short range-ordered Fe oxides. An accumulation of Fe oxides in paddy subsoils was not found. Lateral transport with drainage water might be a reason. In highly permeable soils with large vertical water fluxes (e.g., Andosols under paddy management), colloidal transport might also play a role. Despite losses in potential OC storage capacity (i.e., Fe oxides, clay minerals, allophane), paddy soils derived from Andosols and sandy Alisols in China had larger OC concentrations in the puddled topsoil, whereby the other soils showed no increase in OC under paddy management. Therefore, paddy management does not necessarily enhance carbon sequestration. Rather, differences in organic matter input between non-paddy and paddy soils seem to determine whether OC is accumulated under paddy management or not. Effects of paddy management on CEC were little and mainly due to OC accumulation and Fe oxide coating removal from clay minerals.Overall, paddy management-induced changes were partly influenced by the original soil and the parent material. In turn, the main characteristics of the initial soil type were preserved and not overridden by paddy management.