Composition, taxonomy and functional diversity of the oropharynx microbiome in individuals with schizophrenia and controls.
Composition, taxonomy and functional diversity of the oropharynx microbiome in individuals with schizophrenia and controls.
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作者：
Castro-Nallar E;Bendall ML;Pérez-Losada M;Sabuncyan S;Severance EG;Dickerson FB;Schroeder JR;Yolken RH;Crandall KA
人类微生物组在精神分裂症中的作用在很大程度上尚未探索。微生物组已被证明可以通过肠道-大脑连接改变大脑发育并调节动物的行为和认知，对人类的研究表明，它可能是许多疾病的调节因素。这项研究报告了对16名精神分裂症患者和16名对照者的口咽微生物组进行鸟枪宏基因组分析的结果。高水平的差异是明显的，在门和属的水平，变形菌门，厚壁菌门，拟杆菌门，放线菌占主导地位的精神分裂症患者和对照组，子囊菌门更丰富的精神分裂症患者比对照组。对照组物种丰富，但分布不均匀，即，与精神分裂症患者不同，乳酸菌在精神分裂症中相对更丰富，包括乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌，已被证明可以调节慢性炎症。我们还发现了霍氏真杆菌，一种利用乳酸盐的物种。在功能上，精神分裂症患者的微生物组的特征在于与代谢物转运系统相关的代谢途径数量增加，包括铁载体，谷氨酸盐和维生素B12。与此相反，碳水化合物和脂质途径和能量代谢丰富的控制。这些发现表明，精神分裂症患者的口咽微生物组与对照组相比存在显著差异，并且特定的微生物物种和代谢途径区分了两组。在更大和更多样化的样本中证实这些发现，例如，肠道微生物组，将有助于阐明精神分裂症和人类微生物群之间的潜在联系。
The role of the human microbiome in schizophrenia remains largely unexplored. The microbiome has been shown to alter brain development and modulate behavior and cognition in animals through gut-brain connections, and research in humans suggests that it may be a modulating factor in many disorders. This study reports findings from a shotgun metagenomic analysis of the oropharyngeal microbiome in 16 individuals with schizophrenia and 16 controls. High-level differences were evident at both the phylum and genus levels, with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria dominating both schizophrenia patients and controls, and Ascomycota being more abundant in schizophrenia patients than controls. Controls were richer in species but less even in their distributions, i.e., dominated by fewer species, as opposed to schizophrenia patients. Lactic acid bacteria were relatively more abundant in schizophrenia, including species of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium, which have been shown to modulate chronic inflammation. We also found Eubacterium halii, a lactate-utilizing species. Functionally, the microbiome of schizophrenia patients was characterized by an increased number of metabolic pathways related to metabolite transport systems including siderophores, glutamate, and vitamin B12. In contrast, carbohydrate and lipid pathways and energy metabolism were abundant in controls. These findings suggest that the oropharyngeal microbiome in individuals with schizophrenia is significantly different compared to controls, and that particular microbial species and metabolic pathways differentiate both groups. Confirmation of these findings in larger and more diverse samples, e.g., gut microbiome, will contribute to elucidating potential links between schizophrenia and the human microbiota.