Using a Developmental Ecology Framework to Align Fear Neurobiology Across Species
Using a Developmental Ecology Framework to Align Fear Neurobiology Across Species
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095727
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tottenham, Nim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Callaghan, Bridget;Meyer, Heidi;Tottenham, Nim
儿童的发展在很大程度上依赖于照看；当照看中断时，儿童出现许多不良结果的风险增加，特别是在精神病理学方面。因此，确定照顾者如何调节儿童的情感神经生物学对于理解精神病理学病因和预防至关重要。许多关于情感功能的研究使用恐惧学习来描绘成熟的轨迹，啮齿动物和人类的研究都提供了知识。尽管如此，由于没有标准的框架来解释跨物种的发育影响，研究往往仍然是孤立的，从而导致目前的治疗僵局。在这里，我们提出了一个发展生态学框架，试图在儿童的生态环境中理解恐惧：他们与父母的关系。通过提到跨物种共享的发展目标(依附于，然后最终与父母分开)，这个框架提供了一个共同的基础，从中可以理解恐惧系统及其功能障碍，从而促进了精神病理学及其治疗的研究。
Children's development is largely dependent on caregiving; when caregiving is disrupted, children are at increased risk for numerous poor outcomes, in particular psychopathology. Therefore, determining how caregivers regulate children's affective neurobiology is essential for understanding psychopathology etiology and prevention. Much of the research on affective functioning uses fear learning to map maturation trajectories, with both rodent and human studies contributing knowledge. Nonetheless, as no standard framework exists through which to interpret developmental effects across species, research often remains siloed, thus contributing to the current therapeutic impasse. Here, we propose a developmental ecology framework that attempts to understand fear in the ecological context of the child: their relationship with their parent. By referring to developmental goals that are shared across species (to attach to, then, ultimately, separate from the parent), this framework provides a common grounding from which fear systems and their dysfunction can be understood, thus advancing research on psychopathologies and their treatment.