Garlic, from Remedy to Stimulant: Evaluation of Antifungal Potential Reveals Diversity in Phytoalexin Allicin Content among Garlic Cultivars; Allicin Containing Aqueous Garlic Extracts Trigger Antioxidants in Cucumber.
Garlic, from Remedy to Stimulant: Evaluation of Antifungal Potential Reveals Diversity in Phytoalexin Allicin Content among Garlic Cultivars; Allicin Containing Aqueous Garlic Extracts Trigger Antioxidants in Cucumber.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2016.01235
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Wang M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayat S;Cheng Z;Ahmad H;Ali M;Chen X;Wang M
大蒜具有有效治疗的魅力，自文明之初就被誉为治疗灵丹妙药。采用综合评价方法，对我国大蒜品种间抗真菌能力、大蒜素含量分布的遗传多样性进行了评价；通过生物试验研究大蒜水提物（AGE）对黄瓜生长和生理的生物刺激机制。首先，对28个大蒜品种对4种植物病原真菌的抗性进行了评价；分别为尖孢镰刀菌、灰霉病菌、大丽花黄萎病菌和辣椒疫霉。所选大蒜品种的抗真菌潜力变化无常。HPLC指纹图谱和定量分析证实了不同品种间大蒜素丰度的多样性。品种G025、G064和G074大蒜素含量最高，分别为3.98、3.7和3.66 mg g-1，而品种G110大蒜素含量最低，为0.66 mg g-1。聚类分析表明，不同大蒜品种的抗真菌活性和大蒜素含量有3类差异。对G025、G2011-4和G110三个品种进行了不同溶剂和保质期的鉴定，结果表明G025在所有条件下都具有最强的抑菌活性。最小抑菌浓度和最小杀真菌浓度表明，大蒜素是AGE的主要抑菌物质。利用茄子和辣椒叶片进行叶片生物试验，比较研究AGE和AAS在侵染过程中的直接作用，结果表明AGE和AAS侵染率显著降低。为了研究AGE的生物活性，在黄瓜幼苗中进行了生物测定，结果表明AGE在黄瓜幼苗中具有生物活性，并可能在轻度浓度下激活活性氧，从而改变植物的防御机制。但在较高的浓度下，它可能引起脂质过氧化和膜损伤，从而抑制黄瓜幼苗的生长。研究结果表明，目前的研究成果为品种的抗真菌活性选择和品种的遗传变异提供了依据。含有大蒜素的AGE可用于特殊的园艺环境，如塑料隧道和有机农业，作为生物刺激剂，促进黄瓜生长和减轻农产品的真菌降解。
Garlic has the charisma of a potent remedy and holds its repute of a therapeutic panacea since the dawn of civilization. An integrated approach was adopted to evaluate the genetic diversity among Chinese garlic cultivars for their antifungal potency as well as allicin content distribution and, furthermore; a bioassay was performed to study the bio-stimulation mechanism of aqueous garlic extracts (AGE) in the growth and physiology of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Initially, 28 garlic cultivars were evaluated against four kinds of phytopathogenic fungi; Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora capsici, respectively. A capricious antifungal potential among the selected garlic cultivars was observed. HPLC fingerprinting and quantification confirmed diversity in allicin abundance among the selected cultivars. Cultivar G025, G064, and G074 had the highest allicin content of 3.98, 3.7, and 3.66 mg g-1, respectively, whereas G110 was found to have lowest allicin content of 0.66 mg g-1. Cluster analysis revealed three groups on the basis of antifungal activity and allicin content among the garlic cultivars. Cultivar G025, G2011-4, and G110 were further evaluated to authenticate the findings through different solvents and shelf life duration and G025 had the strongest antifungal activity in all conditions. minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of Allicin aqueous standard (AAS) and AGE showed significant role of allicin as primary antifungal substance of AGE. Leaf disk bioassay against P. capsici and V. dahliae to comparatively study direct action of AGE and AAS during infection process employing eggplant and pepper leaves showed a significant reduction in infection percentage. To study the bioactivity of AGE, a bioassay was performed using cucumber seedlings and results revealed that AGE is biologically active inside cucumber seedlings and alters the defense mechanism of the plant probably activating reactive oxygen species at mild concentrations. However, at higher concentrations, it might cause lipid peroxidation and membrane damage which temper the growth of cucumber seedlings. At the outcome of the study, an argument is advanced that current research findings provide bases for cultivar selection in antifungal effectivity as well as genetic variability of the cultivars. Allicin containing AGE can be used in specialized horticultural situations such as plastic tunnel and organic farming as a bio-stimulant to enhance cucumber growth and attenuate fungal degradation of agricultural produce.