Pseudo random oracle of Merkle-Damgård hash functions revisited
Pseudo random oracle of Merkle-Damgård hash functions revisited
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重新审视 Merkle-Damgård 哈希函数的伪随机预言
DOI:
10.1007/s11432-018-9568-2
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发表时间:
2019-01
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dawu Gu
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kamel Ammour;Lei Wang;Dawu Gu
Following the well-known random oracle Methodology, a cryptographic hash function is required to satisfy the property of pseudo-random oracle (PRO), that is indifferentiable from a random oracle. This paper revisits the PRO property of popular hash function modes purely from a theoretical point of view. OriginalMerkle-Damgård mode (sometimes referred to as Strengthened Merkle-Damgård) does not satisfy the PRO security due to the length-extension attack. To remedy it, a series of variants have been proposed with tweaks of either adopting a prefix-free padding or modifying the final primitive call. From these tweaks, we derive a common structural property named prefix-free computing. Indeed, all PRO-secure Merkle-Damgård variants published so far are prefix-free computing. Hence, an interesting question with respect to the nature of PRO security arises: is prefix-free computing a necessary condition for PRO-secure Merkle-Damgård hash function? This paper gives a negative answer. We investigate the difference between length-extension resistance and prefix-free computing, and find that length-extension resistance does not necessarily imply prefix-free computing. Consequently, we construct a dedicated Merkle-Damgård variant as a counterexample that is PRO-secure but not prefix-free computing.
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期刊:
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