Land use planning and health and well-being
Land use planning and health and well-being
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.09.008
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Barton, Hugh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barton, Hugh
本文探讨了住区规划与健康之间的关系。在总结与一系列主题相关的证据之前，它简要介绍了这些问题，最后对未来可能的发现进行了一些更具投机性的思考。现代规划是为了应对19世纪世纪城市中不人道的生活条件而发明的。但在上个世纪，这种联系消失了。直到现在，随着对气候变化和肥胖的关注，人们才开始认识到物理环境是健康的重要决定因素，本文使用了一个基于石油生态系统和健康决定因素理论的关系的特定模型来构建证据的审查。审查内容包括：生活方式的选择与身体活动和饮食、心理健康和社区、当地经济和收入、健康不平等和战略性土地使用交通规划、污染和城市形态以及最后对全球生态的影响有关。城市环境恶化或减轻健康和福祉的结果。积极的旅行（步行和骑自行车）和户外娱乐活动的水平受到当地设施的可达性的强烈影响。接近绿色自然环境和当地社交网络是心理健康的因素。更广泛的次区域住房、经济发展、土地使用和交通模式是社会排斥的决定因素，因此也是健康不平等的决定因素。它还影响损害健康的污染、面对气候变化的适应性以及二氧化碳排放水平。我们实际上一直在为许多城镇创造不健康的条件。但与欧洲最佳城市的比较表明，扭转不太理想的趋势是可能的。然而，成功取决于石油比任何政党都主张的更激进的地方政府控制土地和财政的政策。它还需要影响建筑环境的各种强大的公共和私人组织之间的合作。未来的研究可能会进一步加强这些结论。这将变得更加明显，规划健康和福祉不仅是国民保健服务，但关于创造一个促进健康的物理，社会和经济环境。(C)2009年女王的打印机和HMSO控制器。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based oil eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, oil more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these Conclusions. It will become Much More obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment. (C) 2009 Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.