Connectomic comparison of mouse and human cortex
Connectomic comparison of mouse and human cortex
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abo0924
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发表时间：
2022-07-08
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Helmstaedter, Moritz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Loomba, Sahil;Straehle, Jakob;Helmstaedter, Moritz
人类大脑皮层容纳的神经元是老鼠大脑皮层的1000倍，但这些物种之间突触回路的可能差异仍然知之甚少。我们使用小鼠、猕猴和人类皮质样本的三维电子显微镜来研究它们的细胞类型组成和突触电路结构。与小鼠相比，人类中间神经元的2.5倍增加被轴突连接概率的变化所补偿，因此在人类锥体细胞上的兴奋性与兴奋性突触输入平衡没有相应增加。相反，增加的抑制产生了一个扩大的中间神经元到中间神经元网络，由中间神经元靶向中间神经元类型的扩大和它们对中间神经元神经支配的突触选择性的增加驱动。这些构成了人类皮层中关键的神经元网络改变。
The human cerebral cortex houses 1000 times more neurons than that of the cerebral cortex of a mouse, but the possible differences in synaptic circuits between these species are still poorly understood. We used three-dimensional electron microscopy of mouse, macaque, and human cortical samples to study their cell type composition and synaptic circuit architecture. The 2.5-fold increase in interneurons in humans compared with mice was compensated by a change in axonal connection probabilities and therefore did not yield a commensurate increase in inhibitory-versus-excitatory synaptic input balance on human pyramidal cells. Rather, increased inhibition created an expanded interneuron-to-interneuron network, driven by an expansion of interneuron-targeting interneuron types and an increase in their synaptic selectivity for interneuron innervation. These constitute key neuronal network alterations in the human cortex.