SYMMETRICAL GAITS OF HORSES
SYMMETRICAL GAITS OF HORSES
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DOI：
10.1126/science.150.3697.701
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发表时间：
1965-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
HILDEBRA.M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HILDEBRA.M
除了慢跑和奔马之外，马的所有步态都被描述、区分和相互关联，并与其他157种四足动物的类似步态相关联。一个命名步态的方案已经被设计出来。任何特定的步幅系列都可以用2个百分比数字表示。这些数字可以绘制在一个图表上，从这个图表中可以（使用叠加）读出，对于任何表现，脚步的顺序以及几只脚支撑的所有组合的顺序和相对持续时间。该方法可以同时比较数百个记录，并提出（和回答）关于四足步态的新问题：变异的性质和大小是什么？理论上有多少种步态是可能的？为什么其中一些没有被使用？不同的步态是如何以及为什么与身体大小、结构和表现相关的？步态的发展史是怎样的？马作为一个物种，在步态的选择上比其他任何四足动物都更灵活。它有几种独特的步态。马的各种命名步态并不独特和独立，而是形成一个连续统一体，其中的边界有些随意，通常基于品种和风格的因素，而不是基于腿移动的一般方式的差异。有限的数据显示，小马和成年人之间的步态没有显着差异。对于一个给定的步态，物种的表现变化大约是个体的两倍，人工步态的变化比自然步态的变化大。
All gaits of horses except the canter and gallop have been described, distinguished and related to each other and to the similar gaits of 157 other genera of quadrupeds. A scheme for naming gaits has been devised. Any particular series of strides can be expressed in terms of 2 percentage figures. These figures can be plotted on a graph from which it is possible (with the use of overlays) to read out, for any performance represented, the sequence of footfalls and the sequence and relative durations of all combinations of support by the several feet. The method makes it possible to compare hundreds of records simultaneously and to ask (and answer) new kinds of questions about quadrupedal gaits: What is the nature and magnitude of variability? How many gaits are theoretically possible? Why are some of these not used? How, and why, do the various gaits correlate with body size, structure, and performance? What has been the phy-logeny of gaits ? The horse, as a species, is more versatile in the selection of gaits than is any other quadruped. It uses several gaits unique to itself. The various named gaits of horses are not distinct and independent but instead form a continuum within which boundaries are somewhat arbitrary and often based on factors of breed and style rather than on differences in the general manner of moving the legs. Limited data show no significant differences between the gaits of colts and adults. Variation in the performance of a given gait is roughly twice as great for the species as for individuals, and greater for artificial than for natural gaits.