Wild acorn woodpeckers recognize associations between individuals in other groups
Wild acorn woodpeckers recognize associations between individuals in other groups
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野生橡子啄木鸟能够识别其他群体中个体之间的联系
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2018.1017
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Koenig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Pardo;Emilee A. Sparks;Tejal S. Kuray;Natasha D. G. Hagemeyer;E. Walters;W. Koenig
根据社会智力假说，理解社会环境的认知需求是理解智力进化的关键。然而，许多重要的社会认知能力主要是在社会环境的一个狭窄的子集中研究的，即群体内的社会互动，尽管群体间的社会互动通常对健康有实质性的影响。特别是，三元意识（关于他人之间关系和关联的知识）对于导航许多类型的复杂社会互动至关重要，但目前还没有研究调查野生动物是否可以跟踪其他社会群体成员之间的关联。我们调查了野生橡子啄木鸟（Melanerpes formicivorus），一个社会复杂的群体生活的鸟组间三元意识。我们给啄木鸟呈现了两种社会不协调的回放，一种是模拟两个来自不同群体的局外人在一起打电话，另一种是模拟两个来自同一群体的局外人在一起打电话。受试者对不协调的回放反应更快，这表明他们知道呼叫者属于两个不同的群体。这项研究首次证明了动物可以在自然环境下识别其他群体成员之间的联系，并强调了考虑群体间社会选择压力如何影响认知进化的重要性。
According to the social intelligence hypothesis, understanding the cognitive demands of the social environment is key to understanding the evolution of intelligence. Many important socio-cognitive abilities, however, have primarily been studied in a narrow subset of the social environment—within-group social interactions—despite the fact that between-group social interactions often have a substantial effect on fitness. In particular, triadic awareness (knowledge about the relationships and associations between others) is critical for navigating many types of complex social interactions, yet no existing study has investigated whether wild animals can track associations between members of other social groups. We investigated inter-group triadic awareness in wild acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus), a socially complex group-living bird. We presented woodpeckers with socially incongruous playbacks that simulated two outsiders from different groups calling together, and socially congruous playbacks that simulated two outsiders from the same group calling together. Subjects responded more quickly to the incongruous playbacks, suggesting that they were aware that the callers belonged to two different groups. This study provides the first demonstration that animals can recognize associations between members of other groups under natural circumstances, and highlights the importance of considering how inter-group social selection pressures may influence the evolution of cognition.