Trained Weakly-electric Fishes Pollimyrus isidori and Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae, Teleostei)Discriminate between Waveforms of Electric Pulse Discharges
Trained Weakly-electric Fishes Pollimyrus isidori and Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae, Teleostei)Discriminate between Waveforms of Electric Pulse Discharges
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经过训练的弱电鱼 Pollimyrus isidori 和 Gnathonemus petersii（Mormyridae，Teleostei）区分电脉冲放电的波形
DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0310.1992.tb00839.x
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
B. Kramer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christian Graff;B. Kramer
鱼科的鱼发出微弱的脉冲状电器官放电（EOD）。放电的节奏是可变的，但EOD的波形是恒定的每种鱼，物种和个人的特点。使用差分条件反射程序测试了Pollimyrus isidori和Gnathonemus petersii（象鼻虫科）区分不同EOD波形的能力。
鱼首先被训练对一个参考信号做出反应，游到一个盘子里接受一条血虫（食物奖励）。参考信号由一个10 Hz的数字记录的EOD的同种序列。第二，另一种信号（10赫兹的不同EOD列车，无论是从另一个物种，或从另一个性别的同种）与气泡作为惩罚。这两个信号以随机顺序连续播放。在每次试验中，测量信号开始和响应之间的潜伏期。
8株P. isidori中有7株被检测，2株G. petersii试验将参考爆炸物处理与食物联系起来。其中，isidori和G. petersii对不同种EOD的反应存在差异（p < 0.01）。P. isidori同样区分不同性别的同种EOD。当鱼最终习惯于惩罚时，可以测试的不同替代EOD的数量是有限的。
即使EOD的振幅在每次试验中随机改变，两个G。petersii在两个物种的EOD之间进行了区分，并且测试的三个P. isidori中的三个在其自身物种内的EOD之间进行了区分。
在基本训练期间和辨别期间（当它必须与S-区分开时），对奖励信号的反应是相似的。G. petersii显示不同的反应，S+和S-也在放电的节奏表现出在回放过程中，五个EOD脉冲后的一条鱼，和一个单一的脉冲后的其他。
因此，长颌鱼科可以通过EOD波形来区分同种和其他物种的成员，甚至可以区分单个同种。
Fish of the family Mormyridae emit weak, pulse-like electric organ discharges (EODs). The discharge rhythm is variable, but the waveform of the EOD is constant for each fish, with species- and individual characteristics. The ability of Pollimyrus isidori and Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae) to discriminate between different EOD waveforms was tested using a differential conditioning procedure.
Fish were first trained to respond to a reference signal in swimming to a dish to receive a bloodworm (food reward). The reference signal consisted of a 10-Hz train of the digitally recorded EOD of a conspecific. Second, an alternative signal (10-Hz train of a different EOD, either from another species, or from a conspecific of the other sex) was associated with air bubbles as punishment. The two signals were played at successive trials in random order. On each trial the latency was measured between the onset of the signal and the response.
7 out of the 8 P. isidori tested and both of the two G. petersii tested associated the reference EOD with food. Among these, five P. isidori and two G. petersii responded differentially (p < 0.01) to EODs of different species. P. isidori similarly discriminated between conspecific EODs of different sexes. The quantity of different alternative EODs which could be tested was limited when fish eventually habituated to the punishment.
Even when the amplitude of the EODs was randomly changed at each trial, two out of two G. petersii differentiated between EODs of the two species, and three out of three P. isidori tested differentiated between EODs within their own species.
Response latencies to the rewarded signal during the basic training and during discrimination (when it had to be distinguished from the S-) were similar. G. petersii showed differential responses for S+ and S- also in the rhythm of discharge exhibited during playback, after five EOD pulses for one fish, and after a single pulse for the other.
Mormyrids may therefore distinguish between conspecifics and members of other species, and even between individual conspecifics, by their EOD waveform.
电鱼通过跟随电流线接近固定信号源。
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.130.1.359
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
The Journal of experimental biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Schluger,JH;Hopkins,CD
通讯作者：
Hopkins,CD