Detection of influenza C virus but not influenza D virus in Scottish respiratory samples.
Detection of influenza C virus but not influenza D virus in Scottish respiratory samples.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.036
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Simmonds P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Smith DB;Gaunt ER;Digard P;Templeton K;Simmonds P
在苏格兰呼吸道样本中未检测到“D 型流感”病毒（n = 3000）。 0.2% 的呼吸道样本中存在丙型流感病毒感染。对六种丙型流感病毒的完整基因组进行了测序。丙型流感分离株包含多个重配谱系。新提出的流感病毒属（D 型流感）与猪和牛的呼吸道疾病有关。这种新型病毒与人类丙型流感病毒关系最密切，可以感染雪貂，但尚未有人类感染的报道。确定是否可以在患者呼吸道样本中回顾性检测到 D 型流感病毒。使用能够检测丙型和丁型流感病毒的引物，通过 RT-PCR 对 2006 年至 2008 年期间来自苏格兰爱丁堡的 3300 份人类呼吸道样本进行了筛选，每份样本 10 份。在任何样本中均未检测到 D 型流感。 6 个样本中存在丙型流感 (0.2%)，而同期呼吸道样本 RT-PCR 检测中甲型和乙型流感病毒的出现频率分别为 3.3% 和 0.9%。在<2岁或>45岁个体的样本中检测到丙型流感病毒，病例全年都有发生。对所有七个片段的几乎完整序列的系统发育分析揭示了多个重配谱系的存在。我们无法在人类呼吸道样本中检测到与 D 型流感病毒相关的病毒。丙型流感病毒不如甲型和乙型流感病毒流行，与年轻人（<2 岁）和老年人（>45 岁）的轻度疾病相关，并且包含多个重配谱系。将丙型流感病毒纳入呼吸道感染诊断检测组的附加价值有限。
“Influenza D” virus was not detected in Scottish respiratory samples (n = 3000). Influenza C virus infection was present in 0.2% of respiratory samples. Six influenza C virus complete genomes were sequenced. Influenza C isolates comprised multiple, reassortant lineages. A newly proposed genus of influenza virus (influenza D) is associated with respiratory disease in pigs and cattle. The novel virus is most closely related to human influenza C virus and can infect ferrets but infection has not been reported in humans. To ascertain if influenza D virus can be detected retrospectively in patient respiratory samples. 3300 human respiratory samples from Edinburgh, Scotland, covering the period 2006–2008, were screened in pools of 10 by RT-PCR using primers capable of detecting both influenza C and D viruses. Influenza D was not detected in any sample. Influenza C was present in 6 samples (0.2%), compared with frequencies of 3.3% and 0.9% for influenza A and B viruses from RT-PCR testing of respiratory samples over the same period. Influenza C virus was detected in samples from individuals <2 years or >45 years old, with cases occurring throughout the year. Phylogenetic analysis of nearly complete sequences of all seven segments revealed the presence of multiple, reassortant lineages. We were unable to detect viruses related to influenza D virus in human respiratory samples. Influenza C virus was less prevalent than influenza A and B viruses, was associated with mild disease in the young (<2 years) and old (>45 years) and comprised multiple, reassortant lineages. Inclusion of influenza C virus as part of a diagnostic testing panel for respiratory infections would be of limited additional value.