Effects of epistasis on infectivity range during host-parasite coevolution.
Effects of epistasis on infectivity range during host-parasite coevolution.
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.12479
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发表时间：
2014-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Buckling A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashby B;Gupta S;Buckling A
了解寄生虫如何适应宿主抗性的变化对进化流行病学至关重要。实验研究表明，寄生虫更能适应宿主表型的逐渐变化，而不是突然变化，因为后者可能需要多个突变，而这些突变不太可能同时出现。一个关键但尚未探索的因素是突变之间的相互作用（上位性）如何影响寄生虫的进化。在这里，我们调查这种现象的感染范围的背景下，寄生虫可能会经历选择感染更广泛的基因型。当上位性是强阳性的，我们发现，寄生虫是不太可能演变更广泛的感染范围，如果主机表现出突然的，而不是逐渐的变化，在密切的经验观察。这是由于固定多个突变的可能性很低，这些突变单独不会带来立即的优势。当上位性较弱时，如果宿主在表型上发生突然变化，寄生虫更有可能进化出更广泛的感染性范围，这可以通过突变供应和选择之间的平衡来解释。因此，我们证明，宿主的表型变化率和寄生虫突变之间的上位性形式在形成感染范围的演变中是至关重要的。
Understanding how parasites adapt to changes in host resistance is crucial to evolutionary epidemiology. Experimental studies have demonstrated that parasites are more capable of adapting to gradual, rather than sudden changes in host phenotype, as the latter may require multiple mutations that are unlikely to arise simultaneously. A key, but as yet unexplored factor is precisely how interactions between mutations (epistasis) affect parasite evolution. Here, we investigate this phenomenon in the context of infectivity range, where parasites may experience selection to infect broader sets of genotypes. When epistasis is strongly positive, we find that parasites are unlikely to evolve broader infectivity ranges if hosts exhibit sudden, rather than gradual changes in phenotype, in close agreement with empirical observations. This is due to a low probability of fixing multiple mutations that individually confer no immediate advantage. When epistasis is weaker, parasites are more likely to evolve broader infectivity ranges if hosts make sudden changes in phenotype, which can be explained by a balance between mutation supply and selection. Thus, we demonstrate that both the rate of phenotypic change in hosts and the form of epistasis between mutations in parasites are crucial in shaping the evolution of infectivity range.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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