Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016.
Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016.
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美国儿童（48 个月以下）的日常营养素摄入总量：2016 年婴幼儿喂养研究 (FITS) 的结果。
DOI：
10.1093/jn/nxy042
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Eldridge AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bailey RL;Catellier DJ;Jun S;Dwyer JT;Jacquier EF;Anater AS;Eldridge AL
美国膳食指南将在2020年扩大到包括婴儿和幼儿。了解当前的饮食摄入量对于制定政策至关重要。这项分析的目的是检查美国儿童通常从饮食和补充剂中摄入的总营养素。2016年喂养婴儿和幼儿研究是一项针对48个月以下儿童的全国性横断面研究。（n = 3235）：较小婴儿（出生至5.9个月），较大婴儿（6-11.9个月），幼儿（12-23.9个月），年轻的学龄前儿童（24-36.9个月），和老年学龄前儿童（36-47.9个月）基于使用24小时饮食回忆。第二个24小时回忆是从一个代表性的子样本（n = 799）。能量，总营养素摄入量分布，并遵守膳食参考摄入量估计与使用国家癌症研究所的方法。婴儿和幼儿的膳食补充剂使用率为15-23%，学龄前儿童为35-45%。婴儿的膳食摄入量充足，除维生素D和E外，所有营养素的平均摄入量均超过“充足摄入”。铁摄入量低于年龄较大婴儿的估计平均需求量（18%）。我们发现，31-33%的12-47.9个月的儿童总脂肪中的能量百分比较低，24-47.9个月的儿童中超过60%的儿童超过饱和脂肪指南。对于幼儿来说，许多营养素营养不足的可能性更高：纤维和钾的摄入量分别比充足摄入量高3.2%和2.5%，维生素D和E的估计平均需求量分别低76%和52%。这些模式一直延续到老年。在大多数年龄组中，钠、视黄醇和锌的摄入量超过了可耐受的摄入量上限。美国婴儿的膳食摄入量在很大程度上是营养充足的;对6-11.9个月婴儿的铁摄入量存在担忧。对于幼儿和学龄前儿童来说，钠的高摄入量和钾、纤维和维生素D的低摄入量以及学龄前儿童过量的饱和脂肪是值得关注的。过量的视黄醇，锌和叶酸在大多数年龄段都有发现，特别是在补充剂使用者中。
The US Dietary Guidelines will expand in 2020 to include infants and toddlers. Understanding current dietary intakes is critical to inform policy. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the usual total nutrient intakes from diet and supplements among US children. The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2016 is a national cross-sectional study of children aged <48 mo (n = 3235): younger infants (birth to 5.9 mo), older infants (6–11.9 mo), toddlers (12–23.9 mo), younger preschoolers (24–36.9 mo), and older preschoolers (36–47.9 mo) based on the use of a 24-h dietary recall. A second 24-h recall was collected from a representative subsample (n = 799). Energy, total nutrient intake distributions, and compliance with Dietary Reference Intakes were estimated with the use of the National Cancer Institute method. Dietary supplement use was 15–23% among infants and toddlers and 35–45% among preschoolers. Dietary intakes of infants were adequate, with mean intakes exceeding Adequate Intake for all nutrients except vitamins D and E. Iron intakes fell below the Estimated Average Requirement for older infants (18%). We found that 31–33% of children aged 12–47.9 mo had low percentage of energy from total fat, and >60% of children aged 24–47.9 mo exceeded the saturated fat guidelines. The likelihood of nutrient inadequacy for many nutrients was higher for toddlers: 3.2% and 2.5% greater than the Adequate Intake for fiber and potassium and 76% and 52% less than the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamins D and E, respectively. These patterns continued through older ages. Intakes exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of sodium, retinol, and zinc across most age groups. Dietary intakes of US infants are largely nutritionally adequate; concern exists over iron intakes in those aged 6–11.9 mo. For toddlers and preschoolers, high intake of sodium and low intakes of potassium, fiber, and vitamin D and, for preschoolers, excess saturated fat are of concern. Excess retinol, zinc, and folic acid was noted across most ages, especially among supplement users.