Children's use of sample size and diversity information within basic-level categories.
Children's use of sample size and diversity information within basic-level categories.
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DOI：
10.1006/jecp.1996.2344
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发表时间：
1997-02
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
G. Gutheil;S. Gelman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Gutheil;S. Gelman
基于范畴的归纳是指根据关于范畴中其他成员(S)的信息，对该范畴中的某个成员(S)作出决定。最近的研究表明，尽管成年人在进行基于类别的归纳判断时会使用有关样本大小(大样本比小样本更强的推理基础)和样本多样性(多个样本比多个同质样本更好)的信息，但儿童在8岁或9岁之前不会这样做，即使到了那时也只是在有限的程度上。然而，这项研究是在最高级别的分类水平上进行的，目前尚不清楚这一分类水平的一般困难是否掩盖了儿童使用大小和多样性的能力，或者这些结果是否代表了使用这一信息的更根深蒂固的概念困难。因此，我们进行了三项研究，调查了8岁和9岁儿童和成年人在基本水平类别中使用样本大小和多样性的能力。我们的结果表明，儿童对这一信息的困难与类别水平无关，并可能基于对其他策略的偏好，如类别成员身份和知觉相似性。
Category-based induction involves making decisions about some member(s) of a category based on information concerning other category members. Recent studies indicate that although adults make use of information concerning sample size (larger samples are a stronger basis of inference than smaller samples) and sample diversity (more diverse samples are better than more homogeneous samples) when making category-based inductive judgments, children do not do so until age 8 or 9 and even then to only a limited degree. This research however, was conducted at the superordinate level of categorization, and it is unclear if general difficulty with this category level may have masked children's ability to use size and diversity, or if these results represent a more entrenched conceptual difficulty in using this information. We therefore conducted three studies that investigate both 8- and 9-year-olds' and adults' ability to use sample size and diversity within basic level categories. Our results indicate that children's difficulty with this information is independent of category level, and may be based on preferences for other strategies concerning category membership and perceptual similarity.