Within-person comparison of eating behaviors, time of eating, and dietary intake on days with and without breakfast: NHANES 2005-2010
Within-person comparison of eating behaviors, time of eating, and dietary intake on days with and without breakfast: NHANES 2005-2010
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.115.110262
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Graubard, Barry I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kant, Ashima K.;Graubard, Barry I.
背景：已知不吃早餐与24小时能量摄入量较低有关。然而，很少有人知道下游饮食行为后，不吃早餐的自由生活individuals.Objective：我们复制了传统的交叉设计的营养研究中的自然设置比较内的差异，自我报告的饮食行为，能量摄入，和其他饮食特征的个人的一天，包括早餐和一天，不吃早餐。设计：我们使用了2132名成年受访者的横断面饮食数据，他们在2005-2010年NHANES的2次饮食召回中仅报告了早餐。饮食结果包括进餐和吃零食的行为，进食事件的时钟时间，以及能量、宏量营养素和食物组的摄入。回归方法占重复的饮食测量，协变量，调查设计characteristics.Results：早餐提供了一个平均值为508千卡的男性和374千卡的女性，但在24小时的能量摄入量之间的差异，早餐和无早餐的一天，分别为247和187千卡。午餐的能量摄入量在不吃早餐的一天更高（男性202千卡，女性121千卡），午餐时间与35分钟前相似。晚餐的能量贡献或其报告的时间没有差异。更多的能量调整服务的水果和全谷物的早餐日，但报告的食物的能量和常量营养素密度没有different.Conclusions：在自由生活的美国成年人，吃午餐的时间较早，午餐提供更多的能量在没有早餐的一天比早餐的一天。虽然饮食选择的质量反映在一天摄入的能量和常量营养素密度上，但早餐和无早餐的一天之间没有差异，但可能需要鼓励不吃早餐的人在其他饮食时段食用水果和全谷物。
Background: Breakfast omission is known to be associated with lower 24-h energy intake. However, little is known about downstream eating behaviors subsequent to skipping breakfast in free-living individuals.Objective: We replicated the traditional crossover design of nutrition studies in a naturalistic setting to compare within-person differences in self-reported eating behaviors, energy intake, and other dietary characteristics of individuals on a day that included breakfast with a day that omitted breakfast.Design: We used cross-sectional dietary data for 2132 adult respondents who reported breakfast in only one of 2 dietary recalls in the NHANES 2005-2010. Dietary outcomes examined included meal-and snack-eating behaviors, clock time of eating episodes, and intakes of energy, macronutrients, and food groups. Regression methods accounted for replicate diet measurements, covariates, and survey-design characteristics.Results: The breakfast meal provided a mean of 508 kcal in men and 374 kcal in women, but differences in 24-h energy intakes between the breakfast and no-breakfast day were 247 and 187 kcal, respectively. Energy intakes at the lunch meal were higher on the no-breakfast day (202 kcal in men and 121 kcal in women), and the reported time of lunch was similar to 35 min earlier. The energy contribution of dinner or its reported time did not differ. A higher number of energy-adjusted servings of fruit and whole grains were reported on the breakfast day, but the energy and macronutrient density of reported foods were not different.Conclusions: In free-living American adults, the eating time for lunch was earlier, and the lunch meal provided more energy on the no-breakfast day than on the breakfast day. Although the quality of dietary selections reflected in the energy and macronutrient density of a day's intake did not differ between the breakfast and the no-breakfast day, breakfast skippers may need encouragement to consume fruit and whole grains at other eating episodes.