TECHNICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MAGNETIC NERVE-STIMULATION
TECHNICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MAGNETIC NERVE-STIMULATION
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/00004691-199101000-00004
复制
发表时间：
1991-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
JALINOUS, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JALINOUS, R
磁刺激器由高电压（400 V至3 kV以上）、高电流（4 kA至20 kA以上）放电系统组成，产生短暂的磁场脉冲（1-10 T，持续数毫秒）。 为了确保安全性和可靠性，必须注意磁刺激器的结构，特别是可能与患者接触的刺激线圈，使用适当的机械和电气绝缘，并结合传感器来监测温度、电压等。在可能的情况下，设备的制造应符合UL 504和IEC 601等安全标准。 磁刺激器的有效性取决于许多参数，例如峰值线圈能量的最大化、快速磁场上升时间和良好的线圈设计。 同样重要的是，根据预期的临床应用选择线圈，而不是简单地考虑其高磁场强度。 产生高表面磁场的小线圈适合于刺激浅表神经，而具有低磁场强度的较大线圈可能更适合于刺激深部神经。 双线圈、8字形线圈或蝶形线圈可产生更多局部感应电流，从而实现更有选择性的刺激。 大脑暴露于高磁场强度也可以通过使用更大的线圈来减少。
Magnetic stimulators consist of a high-voltage (400 V to more than 3 kV), high-current (4 kA to more than 20 kA) discharge system producing a brief pulse of magnetic field (1-10 T lasting up to a few milliseconds). In order to ensure safety and reliability, care has to be taken in the construction of magnetic stimulators and especially their stimulating coils, which may come into contact with the patient, by the use of adequate mechanical and electrical insulation and the incorporation of sensors to monitor temperature, voltage, etc. Where possible, equipment should be manufactured to comply with safety standards such as UL504 and IEC601. The effectiveness of a magnetic stimulator depends on many parameters such as the maximization of the peak coil energy, fast magnetic field rise times, and good coil design. It is also important to choose a coil based on its intended clinical application and not simply on account of its high magnetic field strength. A small coil, producing a high surface magnetic field, is suitable in the stimulation of superficial nerves, whereas a larger coil, with a low magnetic field intensity, may well be more suitable for the stimulation of deep nerves. Double, figure-eight, or butterfly coils produce more localised induced currents allowing for more selective stimulation. The exposure of the brain to high magnetic field strengths can also be reduced by using larger coils.