Soviet official critiques of the resource scarcity prediction by limits to growth report: the case of Evgenii Fedorov's ecological crisis rhetoric
Soviet official critiques of the resource scarcity prediction by limits to growth report: the case of Evgenii Fedorov's ecological crisis rhetoric
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苏联官方对增长限制报告中的资源稀缺预测的批评：以叶夫根尼·费多罗夫的生态危机言论为例
DOI：
10.1080/13507486.2020.1737654
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lajus J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lajus J
本文主要关注苏联官方对“生态危机”的态度，以及为解决这一危机而发展起来的修辞。报告特别分析了罗马俱乐部报告《限制增长》(1972)发表后苏联国内的讨论情况。它有助于在所谓的“生态危机”的框架内更好地理解关于资源稀缺的辩论，因为它是在1960年代末到1970年代中期被概念化的。它基于对苏联地球物理学家叶夫根尼·费多罗夫(Evgenii Fedorov，1910-81年)的著作的分析，费多罗夫是罗马俱乐部为数不多的苏联成员之一，因此直接获得了当代西方的学术研究。这篇论文探讨了这种修辞如何接受和重新定义了危机的概念，以便在国内和国际环境政治中使用，并将相关的技术进步作为应对资源稀缺的最有效补救措施。费多罗夫的思想在很大程度上建立在苏联的马克思主义和弗拉基米尔·维尔纳德斯基的概念之上，这些概念出现在目前的人类世概念之前。此外，他在核项目和影响天气研究方面的经验--这两个项目或多或少都是成功的技术官僚项目--给了他对技术力量的某种保证。本文还通过对费多罗夫向苏联公众普及的美国左翼环保主义者巴里·康蒙纳(1917-2012)思想的讨论，比较了铁幕另一边对这一问题的看法。
This paper focuses on official Soviet attitudes towards ‘ecological crisis’ and the rhetoric developed to address it. It analyses in particular the discussions in the Soviet Union that followed the publication of the Club of Rome reportLimits to Growth(1972). It contributes to the better understanding of the debate around resource scarcity in a framework of so-called ‘ecological crisis’ as it was conceptualized in the late 1960s to the mid-1970s. It is based on the analysis of writings by the Soviet geophysicist Evgenii Fedorov (1910–81) who was among the few Soviet members of the Club of Rome and thus had direct access to contemporary Western scholarship. The paper explores how such rhetoric accepted and reconceptualized the notion of crisis for use in both domestic and international environmental politics and the associated advancement of technology as the most effective remedy against resource scarcity. Fedorov largely built his ideas on Soviet Marxism and Vladimir Vernadsky’s concepts, which preceded the current notion of the Anthropocene. In addition, his experience in nuclear projects and weather modification research –– both more or less successful technocratic projects – gave him some kind of assurance of the power of technology. The paper also provides some comparison of the views of the problem from the other side of the Iron Curtain through a discussion of the thoughts of the left-wing American environmentalist Barry Commoner (1917–2012), which had been popularized for the Soviet public by Fedorov.