Brain health is independently impaired by E-vaping and high-fat diet
Brain health is independently impaired by E-vaping and high-fat diet
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.028
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发表时间：
2021-02-16
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Oliver, Brian G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen, Hui;Wang, Baoming;Oliver, Brian G.
吸烟和高脂肪饮食(HFD)独立地损害短期记忆。电子烟会产生含有调味品和尼古丁的电子蒸气。在这里，我们调查了电子蒸气吸入是否与HFD相互作用，从而影响短期记忆和神经完整性。BALB/c小鼠(7周龄，雄性)喂饲高脂饮食(43%脂肪，20kJ/g)16周。在过去的6周里，一半的小鼠每天两次接触来自含尼古丁(18毫克/L)或不含尼古丁(0毫克/L)电子液的烟草味电子蒸气。第15周测定短期记忆功能。单纯HFD对记忆功能无损害，但增加了脑内磷酸化(P)-Tau和星形胶质细胞标记物，而神经元和小胶质细胞水平下降。接触电子蒸气会显著损害短期记忆功能，而不受饮食和尼古丁的影响。与尼古丁电子蒸气相比，无尼古丁电子蒸气引起了更大的变化，包括：喂食高脂饮食的小鼠全身细胞因子增加，脑p-Tau增加，突触后密度蛋白(PSD)-95水平降低，星形胶质细胞增生标志物减少，小胶质细胞增加，糖原合成酶激酶水平增加。在JOW和HFD小鼠中，海马区细胞凋亡的增加也不同。总而言之，暴露于E-蒸气会损害与饮食和尼古丁无关的短期记忆，并且与全身性炎症增加、PSD-95水平降低和喂食高脂饮食小鼠的星形胶质细胞增多有关，但在喂食HFD的小鼠中则减少胶质细胞和增加小胶质细胞，这表明e-蒸气的炎症性质导致了短期记忆损害。
Tobacco smoking and high-fat diet (HFD) independently impair short-term memory. E-cigarettes produce e-vapour containing flavourings and nicotine. Here, we investigated whether e-vapour inhalation interacts with HFD to affect short-term memory and neural integrity. Balb/c mice (7 weeks, male) were fed a HFD (43% fat, 20 kJ/g) for 16 weeks. In the last 6 weeks, half of the mice were exposed to tobacco-flavoured e-vapour from nicotine-containing (18 mg/L) or nicotine-free (0 mg/L) e-fluids twice daily. Short-term memory function was measured in week 15. HFD alone did not impair memory function, but increased brain phosphorylated (p)-Tau and astrogliosis marker, while neuron and microglia levels were decreased. E-vapour exposure significantly impaired short-term memory function independent of diet and nicotine. Nicotine free e-vapour induced greater changes compared to the nicotine e-vapour and included, increased systemic cytokines, increased brain p-Tau and decreased postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95 levels in chow-fed mice, and decreased astrogliosis marker, increased microglia and increased glycogen synthase kinase levels in HFD-fed mice. Increased hippocampal apoptosis was also differentially observed in chow and HFD mice. In conclusion, E-vapour exposure impaired short-term memory independent of diet and nicotine, and was correlated to increased systemic inflammation, reduced PSD-95 level and increased astrogliosis in chow-fed mice, but decreased gliosis and increased microglia in HFD-fed mice, indicating the inflammatory nature of e-vapour leading to short term memory impairment.