Beyond a centre‐periphery approach: Inter‐minority tensions and the development of contested categories of Kurdish mobilization in Iran
Beyond a centre‐periphery approach: Inter‐minority tensions and the development of contested categories of Kurdish mobilization in Iran
复制标题
超越中心与外围的方法：少数民族之间的紧张关系和伊朗库尔德人动员的有争议类别的发展
DOI：
10.1111/sena.12374
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Khalili Mostafa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shuttleworth;Kyle Michael James;Heriberto Ruiz Tayfoya;Khalili Mostafa
库尔德历史在过去几十年的一个显著特征是库尔德人倾向于民族动员。动员不同库尔德亚群体的社会政治动机通常是复杂的，偶尔也会服务于模糊的政治愿望。正如本文标题所暗示的那样，为了解开这种复杂性，通过关注当地背景下的动员激励，为共同的中心-边缘方法（即国家民族主义与库尔德抵抗）增加额外的分析视角是有用的。为此，本文对伊朗西北部多民族城市乌尔米娅的社会进程进行了人种学研究，该城市讲库尔曼吉语的库尔德人与阿塞拜疆土耳其人生活在一起，与讲索拉尼语的伊朗库尔德人生活在一起。本文认为，在乌尔米娅当地背景下，对讲库尔曼吉语的库尔德人的动员动机往往服务于矛盾的政治目的，从种族间层面的否认库尔德民族到种族内部层面的分裂，再到跨国层面的浪漫化。本文更广泛的贡献在于阐明这些不同的、有时相互矛盾的民族动员形式是如何共存的，因为它们都具有相同的解放力量的特征——用布迪厄的术语来说，是“对权力和声望的政治象征性斗争”。
A significant feature of Kurdish history over the last several decades has been the proclivity of the Kurds for ethnic mobilization. The socio‐political incentives that lead to the mobilization of different Kurdish sub‐groups are usually complex and occasionally serve ambiguous political aspirations. To unpack such complexities, as the title of this paper suggests, it is useful to add an additional analytical lens to the common centre‐periphery approach (i.e. state nationalism vs. Kurdish resistance) by focusing on the mobilization incentives within the local context. To do so, the paper presents an ethnographic study of the social processes that shape the dynamics of Kurdish mobilization in the multi‐ethnic city of Urmia in northwestern Iran, where Kurmanji‐speaking Kurds live together with Azerbaijani Turks and in close proximity to Sorani‐speaking Iranian Kurds. The paper argues that the mobilization incentives for the Kurmanji‐speaking Kurds in the local context of Urmia often serve contradictory political ends, ranging from denial of the Kurdish nation at the inter‐ethnic layer to dividing it at the intra‐ethnic layer, and romanticizing it at the transnational layer. The broader contribution of this paper is to elucidate how these different and sometimes contradictory forms of ethnic mobilization are able to coexist, given that they are all characterized by the same emancipatory force – ‘a politico‐symbolic struggle over power and prestige’, in Bourdieu's terminology.