ADULT IMMUNIZATION - SUMMARY OF THE NATIONAL VACCINE ADVISORY-COMMITTEE REPORT
ADULT IMMUNIZATION - SUMMARY OF THE NATIONAL VACCINE ADVISORY-COMMITTEE REPORT
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.272.14.1133
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发表时间：
1994-10-12
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
FEDSON, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FEDSON, DS
1994年1月，国家疫苗咨询委员会通过了一份报告，审查了美国成人免疫接种的状况。疫苗可预防的成人感染是发病率和死亡率的一个持续原因。其主要影响是在老年人中。针对这些疾病的有效和安全的疫苗是可以获得的，但它们的使用情况很差。成人免疫水平低的原因有几个，包括卫生保健提供者和公众对疫苗接种的重要性和益处认识不足。卫生保健提供者往往未能利用机会在办公室，诊所和医院接触期间为成年人接种疫苗，并且未能在医疗环境中组织确保成年人获得所需疫苗的计划。公共和私人健康保险公司对成人免疫接种的补偿不足以及缺乏支持疫苗提供的联邦计划也是主要问题。国家疫苗咨询委员会的报告包括改善成人免疫的五个目标和18项建议。为实现公共卫生署2000年成人免疫接种目标，委员会建议：（1）改进公共和提供者教育;（2）对临床实践进行重大改革;（3）增加公共和私人健康保险公司的财政支助;（4）改进对疫苗可预防疾病和疫苗生产和提供的监测;（5）支持疫苗可预防疾病的研究、新的和改进的疫苗、免疫实践和国际成人免疫计划。
In January 1994 the National Vaccine Advisory Committee adopted a report that reviewed the status of adult immunization in the United States. Vaccine-preventable infections of adults represent a continuing cause of morbidity and mortality. Their major impact is among older persons. Effective and safe vaccines against these diseases are available, but they are poorly used. Several reasons account for low immunization levels among adults, including inadequate awareness by health care providers and the public of the importance and benefits of vaccination. Health care providers often fail to take advantage of opportunities to immunize adults during office, clinic, and hospital contacts and fail to organize programs in medical settings that ensure adults are offered the vaccines they need. Inadequate reimbursement for adult immunization by public and private health insurers and a lack of federal programs to support vaccine delivery are also major problems. The National Vaccine Advisory Committee's report includes five goals and 18 recommendations for improving adult immunization. To reach the Public Health Service adult immunization goals for the year 2000, the Committee recommends (1) improvements in public and provider education; (2) major changes in clinical practice; (3) increased financial support by public and private health insurers; (4) improved surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccine production and delivery; and (5) support for research on vaccine-preventable diseases, new and improved vaccines, immunization practices, and international programs for adult immunization.