Effects of Host Plants on Development and Immunity of a Generalist Insect Herbivore
Effects of Host Plants on Development and Immunity of a Generalist Insect Herbivore
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-023-01410-9
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发表时间：
2023-02-10
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Smilanich, Angela Marie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gallon, Marilia Elias;Smilanich, Angela Marie
次生植物化学在物种间传递各种通讯信号，在群落和生态系统的进化多样性中发挥着重要作用。在这里，我们探索了食物介导的寄主植物对一种多面性昆虫食草动物的发育和免疫反应的影响。以车前草(车前科)、蒲公英(菊科)和多叶车前草(菊科)3种不同次生代谢物含量不同的寄主植物叶片为寄主，饲养毛虫。通过幼虫和幼虫的存活率、存活率和发育率来评价昆虫的发育。免疫反应以酚氧化酶(PO)活性为指标。此外，通过液-质联用(LC-MS)获得了寄主植物的化学图谱，并用代谢组学方法测定了鉴别代谢物。在杉木上饲养的毛虫具有最高的幼虫和幼虫存活率以及PO活性，而杉木叶片的化学特征是环烯醚苷、苯丙酮和黄酮类化合物。蒲公英叶片主要含有苯丙醇类化合物、黄酮类O-糖苷和吉马兰内酯类倍半萜内酯；在该寄主植物上饲养的毛虫发育到成虫阶段，但与在杉木上饲养的个体相比，它们的幼虫和幼虫存活率较低。相反，在含有苯丙素、黄酮类和多种呋喃海藻内酯类倍半萜内酯的叶片上饲养的毛虫不能完成幼虫发育，表现出最低的PO活性。这些发现表明，卡杜氏弧菌已经适应了轮叶侧柏中潜在的有毒代谢物(环烯醚萜苷)，而毛虫却不能适应多叶侧柏中的潜在有害代谢物。因此，我们认为呋喃海龙内酯类倍半萜内酯类化合物是毛虫发育不良和免疫反应差的主要原因。
Secondary plant chemistry mediates a variety of communication signals among species, playing a fundamental role in the evolutionary diversification of communities and ecosystems. Herein, we explored diet-mediated host plant effects on development and immune response of a generalist insect herbivore. Vanessa cardui (Nymphalidae) caterpillars were reared on leaves of three host plants that vary in secondary metabolites, Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae), Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae). Insect development was evaluated by larval and pupal viabilities, survivorship, and development rate. Immune response was measured as phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Additionally, chemical profiles of the host plants were obtained by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the discriminant metabolites were determined using a metabolomic approach. Caterpillars reared on P. lanceolata exhibited the highest larval and pupal viabilities, as well as PO activity, and P. lanceolata leaves were chemically characterized by the presence of iridoid glycosides, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. Taraxacum officinale leaves were characterized mainly by the presence of phenylpropanoids, flavones O-glycoside and germacranolide-type sesquiterpene lactones; caterpillars reared on this host plant fully developed to the adult stage, however they exhibited lower larval and pupal viabilities compared to individuals reared on P. lanceolata. Conversely, caterpillars reared on T. diversifolia leaves, which contain phenylpropanoids, flavones and diverse furanoheliangolide-type sesquiterpene lactones, were not able to complete larval development and exhibited the lowest PO activity. These findings suggested that V. cardui have adapted to tolerate potentially toxic metabolites occurring in P. lanceolata (iridoid glycosides), however caterpillars were not able to cope with potentially detrimental metabolites occurring in T. diversifolia (furanoheliangolides). Therefore, we suggest that furanoheliangolide-type sesquiterpene lactones were responsible for the poor development and immune response observed for caterpillars reared on T. diversifolia.