Analysis of heating load diversity in German residential districts and implications for the application in district heating systems
Analysis of heating load diversity in German residential districts and implications for the application in district heating systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.096
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发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
C. Weissmann;T. Hong;Carl-Alexander Graubner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Weissmann;T. Hong;Carl-Alexander Graubner
近年来，区域供热系统在德国的住宅小区供热中的应用日益增多。中央供应系统可以是非常有效的，由于不同的能源需求概况，这可能会导致减少安装设备的能力。在以往的研究中，建筑物的负荷多样性，特别是电力需求进行了研究。然而，很少有人知道的影响，单个建筑物的特性（如建筑围护结构或热水需求）的整体供暖高峰负荷的住宅小区。为了测量多样性，峰值负荷比（PLR）指数被用来表示从建筑物的单个峰值负荷的简单总和的区域系统的峰值负荷减少的百分比。使用动态建筑模拟软件IDA ICE建立了144个住宅建筑负荷剖面，进行了理论分析，其中PLR达到15%。在这项研究中，某些地区的特点，导致更高的多样性。此外，这些结果中使用的区域供热模拟模型，面对可能的优势，减少装机容量的实际缺点的热分布损失。同样，还可以分析荷载密度和区域建筑结构的影响。这项研究表明，特别是在高负荷密度的地区，其中包括新建成的建筑物与低供应温度和高影响的热水需求，负荷多样性的优势可以利用。
In recent years, the application of district heating systems for the heat supply of residential districts has been increasing in Germany. Central supply systems can be very efficient due to diverse energy demand profiles which may lead to reduced installed equipment capacity. Load diversity in buildings has been investigated in former studies, especially for the electricity demand. However, little is known about the influence of single building characteristics (such as building envelope or hot water demand) on the overall heating peak load of a residential district. For measuring the diversity, the peak load ratio (PLR) index is used to represent the percentage reduction of peak load of a district system from a simple sum of individual peak loads of buildings. A total of 144 residential building load profiles have been created with the dynamic building simulation software IDA ICE for a theoretical analysis in which the PLR reaches 15%. Within this study, certain district features are identified which lead to higher diversity. Furthermore, these results are used in a district heating simulation model which confronts the possible advantage of reduced installed capacity with the practical disadvantage of heat distribution losses. Likewise, the influence of load density and the district́s building structure can be analyzed. This study shows that especially in districts with high load density, which consist of newly constructed buildings with low supply temperature and high influence of the hot water demand, the advantages of load diversity can be exploited.