The Differential Diagnosis of Hearing Loss
The Differential Diagnosis of Hearing Loss
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DOI：
10.3238/arztebl.2011.0433
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发表时间：
2011-06-24
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Zahnert, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zahnert, Thomas
背景：根据世界卫生组织的统计，听力损失是全球疾病负担的六大主要因素之一。它正在成为整个社会中一个越来越重要的问题，这不仅是因为人口老龄化，而且还因为年轻人越来越多地将休闲时间花在使他们暴露在过度噪音中的活动中。另一方面，由于耳科手术、助听器和人工耳蜗的技术发展，听力损失的治疗正在改善。对于几乎所有类型的听力损失，现在都有某种类型的康复治疗。有效护理的前提是及时准确的diagnosis.Method：回顾相关文献和国家指南。结果和结论：听力损失在德国现有的流行病学数据是不够的。据粗略估计，德国有1300万至1400万人需要治疗听力损失。最常见的永久性听力损失类型是与老年、慢性中耳炎和声创伤有关的。暂时性听力损失在儿童时期特别常见，因为中耳通风不足。随着人工耳蜗技术的进一步发展，其适应症现已扩大到包括严重的先天性耳聋和老年性耳聋。
Background: According to the World Health Organization, hearing loss is one of the six leading contributors to the global burden of disease. It is becoming an ever more important problem in society at large, not just because the population is aging, but also because young people increasingly spend their leisure time in activities that expose them to excessive noise. On the other hand, the treatment of hearing loss is improving, as the result of technical developments in otological surgery, hearing aids, and cochlear implants. For nearly every type of hearing loss, there is now some type of rehabilitative treatment. The prerequisite to effective care is timely and accurate diagnosis.Method: Review of the pertinent literature and national guidelines.Results and Conclusion: The available epidemiological data on hearing loss in Germany are inadequate. It is roughly estimated that 13 to 14 million people in Germany are in need of treatment for hearing loss. The most common types of permanent hearing loss are those associated with old age, chronic otitis media, and acoustic trauma. Transient hearing loss is particularly common in childhood as a result of inadequate ventilation of the middle ear. The further technical development of cochlear implants has now widened their indications to include severe congenital deafness and presbycusis.