Glial reduction in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in mood disorders
Glial reduction in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in mood disorders
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.22.13290
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发表时间：
1998-10-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Price, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Öngür, D;Drevets, WC;Price, JL
情绪障碍是最常见的神经精神疾病之一，但对其神经生物学知之甚少。近年来的神经影像学研究发现，家族性抑郁症和双相情感障碍患者的Brodmann’s area 24（sg 24）的膝下区体积减少。情绪障碍患者sg 24区神经元的数量和大小没有变化。神经胶质细胞数量的减少在家族性MDD（24%，P = 0.01）或艾德（41%，P = 0.01）亚组中最为显著。没有明确家族史的受试者的神经胶质减少程度较低，无统计学意义。与神经影像学结果一致，家族性情绪障碍患者sg 24区皮质体积减少。精神分裂症的大脑作为精神病对照研究有正常的神经元和神经胶质细胞的数量和皮质体积。胶质细胞和神经元的数量也在同一组大脑的躯体感觉皮层的3b区进行了计数，并且在所有精神病组中均正常。胶质细胞影响几个过程，包括细胞外钾的调节，葡萄糖的储存和代谢，以及谷氨酸的摄取，所有这些对于正常的神经元活动都是至关重要的。因此，我们已经确定了一个与家族性情绪障碍相关的生物标志物，这可能为这些常见精神疾病的发病机制提供重要线索。
Mood disorders are among the most common neuropsychiatric illnesses, yet little is known about their neurobiology. Recent neuroimaging studies have found that the volume of the subgenual part of Brodmann's area 24 (sg24) is reduced in familial forms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), In this histological study, we used unbiased stereological techniques to examine the cellular composition of area sg24 in two different sets of brains. There was no change in the number or size of neurons in area sg24 in mood disorders. In contrast, the numbers of glia were reduced markedly in both MDD and ED. The reduction in glial number was most prominent in subgroups of subjects with familial MDD (24%, P = 0.01) or ED (41%, P = 0.01). The glial reduction in subjects without a clear family history was lower in magnitude and not statistically significant. Consistent with neuroimaging findings, cortical volume was reduced in area sg24 in subjects with familial mood disorders. Schizophrenic brains studied as psychiatric controls had normal neuronal and glial numbers and cortical volume. Glial and neuronal numbers also were counted in area 3b of the somatosensory cortex in the same group of brains and were normal in all psychiatric groups. Glia affect several processes, including regulation of extracellular potassium, glucose storage and metabolism, and glutamate uptake, all of which are crucial for normal neuronal activity. We thus have identified a biological marker associated with familial mood disorders that may provide important clues regarding the pathogenesis of these common psychiatric conditions.