Chilling and heat requirements for flowering in temperate fruit trees
Chilling and heat requirements for flowering in temperate fruit trees
复制标题
温带果树开花的冷热需求
DOI：
10.1007/s00484-013-0714-3
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Luedeling, Eike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guo, Liang;Dai, Junhu;Luedeling, Eike
气候变化已经影响了寒冷和热量积累的速度，这对温带果树的开花和生产至关重要，但很少有研究在东亚的寒冷冬季气候中进行。为了评估树木对冷、热积累速率变化的反应，采用偏最小二乘回归方法对板栗（Castanea mollissimaBlume）和枣（Zizyphus juebeMill.）1963年至2008年期间，中国北京每日寒冷和热量积累。动态模型和生长度小时模型被用来转换成园艺有意义的指标的最低和最高温度的日常记录。回归分析确定了板栗和枣的冷胁迫期。当满足一半的冷却要求时，强迫期开始。在过去的50年里，树木休眠期间的热量积累显着增加，而冷量积累保持相对稳定的两个物种。热量积累是开花时间的主要驱动力，在北京寒冷的冬季气候中，冷量积累的变化的影响可以忽略不计。在不久的将来，寒冷的减少似乎不太可能对北京的研究物种产生重大影响。这些问题更有可能发生在比原生栖息地温暖得多的地方，例如亚热带和热带的温带物种。
Climate change has affected the rates of chilling and heat accumulation, which are vital for flowering and production, in temperate fruit trees, but few studies have been conducted in the cold-winter climates of East Asia. To evaluate tree responses to variation in chill and heat accumulation rates, partial least squares regression was used to correlate first flowering dates of chestnut (Castanea mollissimaBlume) and jujube (Zizyphus jujubeMill.) in Beijing, China, with daily chill and heat accumulation between 1963 and 2008. The Dynamic Model and the Growing Degree Hour Model were used to convert daily records of minimum and maximum temperature into horticulturally meaningful metrics. Regression analyses identified the chilling and forcing periods for chestnut and jujube. The forcing periods started when half the chilling requirements were fulfilled. Over the past 50 years, heat accumulation during tree dormancy increased significantly, while chill accumulation remained relatively stable for both species. Heat accumulation was the main driver of bloom timing, with effects of variation in chill accumulation negligible in Beijing’s cold-winter climate. It does not seem likely that reductions in chill will have a major effect on the studied species in Beijing in the near future. Such problems are much more likely for trees grown in locations that are substantially warmer than their native habitats, such as temperate species in the subtropics and tropics.