Perchlorate and iodide in dairy and breast milk
Perchlorate and iodide in dairy and breast milk
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DOI：
10.1021/es048118t
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Dasgupta, PK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kirk, AB;Martinelango, PK;Dasgupta, PK
高氯酸盐抑制碘的吸收，并可能损害婴儿的甲状腺和神经发育。最近，我们在德克萨斯州拉伯克的杂货店随机购买的所有七种品牌的牛奶中明确地发现了高氯酸盐的存在。牛奶中的高氯酸盐有多普遍？对来自11个州的47份牛奶样品和来自18个州的36份人乳样品中的高氯酸盐进行了测定。还在一些样品中测量了碘化物。82个样品中有81个可检出高氯酸盐。乳制品和母乳的平均值分别为2.0和10.5 μ g/L，相应的最大值为11和92 μ g/L。高氯酸盐存在于几乎所有的牛奶样品中，母乳中的平均浓度是牛奶中的五倍。尽管目前可用的测量方法很少，但对于高氯酸盐含量大于10 μ g/L的母乳样品，碘离子含量与高氯酸盐浓度的倒数呈线性相关，r（2）> 0.9（n = 6）。牛奶中高氯酸盐的存在会降低碘的含量，并可能损害婴儿甲状腺的发育。根据有限的现有数据，母乳中的碘含量可能比20年前低得多。孕妇和哺乳期妇女的推荐碘摄入量可能需要上调。
Perchlorate inhibits iodide uptake and may impair thyroid and neurodevelopment in infants. Recently, we unambiguously identified the presence of perchlorate in all seven brands of dairy milk randomly purchased from grocery stores in Lubbock, TX. How widespread is perchlorate in milk? Perchlorate in 47 dairy milk samples from 11 states and in 36 human milk samples from 18 states were measured. Iodide was also measured in a number of the samples. Perchlorate was detectable in 81 of 82 samples. The dairy and breast milk means were, respectively, 2.0 and 10.5 mu g/L with the corresponding maximum values of 11 and 92,mu g/L. Perchlorate is present in virtually all milk samples, the average concentration in breast milk is five times higher than in dairy milk. Although the number of available measurements are few at this point, for breast milk samples with a perchlorate content greater than 10 mu g/L, the iodide content is linearly correlated with the inverse of the perchlorate concentration with a r(2) of > 0.9 (n = 6). The presence of perchlorate in the milk lowers the iodide content and may impair thyroid development in infants. On the basis of limited available data, iodide levels in breast milk may be significantly lower than it was two decades ago. Recommended iodine intake by pregnant and lactating women may need to be revised upward.