Limit feeding of gravid Holstein heifers: effect on growth, manure nutrient excretion, and subsequent early lactation performance.
Limit feeding of gravid Holstein heifers: effect on growth, manure nutrient excretion, and subsequent early lactation performance.
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限制妊娠荷斯坦小母牛的饲喂：对生长、粪便养分排泄以及随后的早期泌乳性能的影响。
DOI：
10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(07)71578-3
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
M. Wattiaux
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Hoffman;C. Simson;M. Wattiaux
本试验旨在评价限饲对荷斯坦小母牛生长、饲料效率、粪便排泄及后期产奶量的影响。试验选用54头妊娠荷斯坦母牛，随机分为重复栏，分别饲喂3种试验饲粮中的1种，试验期111 d。试验饲粮为含11.3%粗蛋白质（CP）和2.46 Mcal/kg代谢能（ME）的自由饲喂对照饲粮。配制两种提高营养密度的限饲饲粮，CP分别为12.7%和14.2%，ME分别为2.55和2.68 Mcal/kg。限饲日粮的采食量分别为对照日粮的90%和80%。评估营养摄入、生长、粪便排泄、血液代谢物、行为和150 d泌乳性能。饲喂80%和90%对照日粮的小母牛的干物质消耗量（8.3和9.0 vs. 9.7 kg/d）较少，但净增重能（9.5和9.4 vs. 9.4 Mcal/d）和粗蛋白质（1.17、1.15 vs. 1.10 kg/d）与对照日粮的小母牛相似。犊牛的增重和骨骼生长无显著差异，但80%和90%的限饲均能提高犊牛的饲料效率。以自由采食量的80%和90%限量饲喂的犊牛，其干物质排泄量分别比对照组少0.86和0.36 kg/d，但所有犊牛的氮磷排泄量相近，限量饲喂对犊牛初生重、难产和泌乳性能均无影响。限饲犊牛提高了饲料效率，减少了粪干物质排泄，对泌乳性能无负面影响。
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of limit feeding on growth, feed efficiency, and manure excretion in Holstein heifers and subsequent milk production. Fifty-four gravid Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to replicate pens and fed 1 of 3 experimental diets for 111 d. Experimental diets included an ad libitum-fed control diet containing 11.3% crude protein (CP) and 2.46 Mcal/kg of metabolizable energy (ME). Two limit-fed diets of increased nutrient density were formulated to contain 12.7 and 14.2% CP and 2.55 and 2.68 Mcal/kg of ME, respectively. Feed intakes of limit-fed diets were limited to 90 and 80% of the control diet. Nutrient intake, growth, manure excretion, blood metabolites, behavior, and 150-d lactation performance were evaluated. Heifers fed 80 and 90% of the control diet consumed less dry matter (8.3 and 9.0 vs. 9.7 kg/d), but similar amounts of net energy for gain (9.5 and 9.4 vs. 9.4 Mcal/d) and CP (1.17, 1.15 vs. 1.10 kg/d) as compared with control diet-fed heifers. The weight gain and skeletal growth of heifers were not different, but heifers limit fed at 80 and 90% of the control had improved feed efficiency. Heifers limit fed at 80 and 90% of ad libitum intake excreted 0.86 and 0.36 kg/d less dry matter, respectively, as compared with control diet-fed heifers, but all heifers excreted similar amounts of N and P. Limit feeding did not affect calf birth weight, dystocia, or lactation performance. Limit feeding gravid heifers improved feed efficiency and reduced manure dry matter excretion without negative effects on lactation performance.